Leybold controller, German Leybold model, Leybold price

Leybold controller refers to converting predetermined control schemes and planning instructions into desired mechanical motion under complex conditions, achieving precise position control, speed control, acceleration control, and torque or force control of mechanical motion. A motion controller is a specialized controller for managing the operation mode of electric motors; for example, a motor drives an object upward to a specified position via a limit switch controlling an AC contactor, then moves downward, or a time relay controls the motor's forward/reverse rotation or intermittent operation. Motion control applications in robotics and CNC machine tools are more complex than those in dedicated machines, as the latter involve simpler motion forms, often referred to as General Motion Control (GMC).

Leybold controller types

1) Low-voltage LED product controller: Low-voltage LED products are generally designed for 12V-36V, with 3-6 LED units connected in series per circuit, using resistors for voltage drop and current limiting, keeping each circuit current below 20mA. One LED product consists of multiple circuits of LED. Advantages include low voltage, simple structure, and ease of design; disadvantages include high current at large scales, requiring a low-voltage switching power supply. Due to these limitations, low-voltage transmission is not suitable for long distances and is restricted to compact products such as sign text and small patterns. Based on these characteristics, controller design specifications are: for 12V, use 75A/30V MOS power transistors for control, with an output current of 8A per circuit; for 24-36V, use 60A/50V MOS power transistors for control, with an output current of 5A per circuit. Users can select the number of controller circuits based on these specifications; for jumping effects, choose the NE20 low-voltage series, and for gradient effects, choose the NE10 low-voltage series controller. Note that LED must use common anode (+) connection, with the controller controlling the cathode (-); the controller does not include a low-voltage power supply. 2) High-voltage LED product controller: High-voltage LED products are designed for AC/DC 220V voltage, with 36-48 LED units connected in series per circuit, keeping each circuit current below 20mA. There are two current-limiting methods: one is resistor current limiting, which results in high resistor power dissipation; it is recommended to connect one 1/4W metal film resistor for every 4 LED units in series to distribute heat evenly, ensuring stability and reliability. The other is RC series current limiting, where most voltage drop occurs across the capacitor, resulting in low resistor power dissipation; this method is only suitable for steady-on states. If flashing occurs, capacitor energy storage can double the voltage, easily damaging the LED. All LED used with controllers must employ resistor current limiting. LED typically consumes 5W per meter per circuit, with three-color power consumption at 15W per meter. Common gradient controllers include NE112K for controlling DC 1200W, and NE103D for AC loads 4500W and DC loads 1500W. Use NE112K if there are many flashing tube units, or NE103D if only overall flashing is required. When using gradient modes, ensure load matching; neon lights and LED have different luminous distribution characteristics, and different load types should not be mixed in the same circuit. 3) Low-voltage serial controller: Low-voltage LED product serial controllers are characterized by a high number of control circuits, using serial signal transmission for control. Generally, controlling 512 units requires only 4 control lines. Serial LED controllers require registers on the LED light source board. Users can select the NE040S controller model, which has a maximum capacity of 4096KBit. If the load consists of 512 units of LED, it can achieve up to 8192 frames. Additionally, controllers are used in the safety industry to monitor gas levels within working zones using detectors.

Leybold controller functions

1) Motion planning function: This essentially forms the reference values for motion speed and position. Appropriate reference values not only improve trajectory accuracy but also reduce requirements for the rotation system and mechanical transmission components. General motion controllers typically provide motion planning methods that limit values affecting dynamic trajectory accuracy, such as jerk, acceleration, and speed, allowing users to call corresponding functions directly. Motion planning with acceleration limits produces a trapezoidal velocity profile; motion planning with jerk limits produces an S-shaped velocity profile. Generally, for CNC machine tools, motion planning methods limiting acceleration and speed reference values yield excellent dynamic characteristics. For rapid positioning systems with high acceleration and short strokes, strict requirements on positioning time and overshoot often necessitate motion planning methods with continuous higher-order derivatives. 2) Multi-axis interpolation and continuous interpolation functions: The multi-axis interpolation function provided by general motion controllers is widely used in the CNC machinery industry. In recent years, the rapid development of the engraving market, particularly mold engraving machines, has driven the development of continuous interpolation functions in motion controllers. Mold engraving involves processing numerous short line segments, requiring minimal fluctuation in machining speed between segments and smooth transitions at speed change points. This demands that motion controllers have look-ahead speed and continuous interpolation capabilities. Googol Technology has launched a continuous interpolation motion controller specifically for small segment processing, which has been well applied in mold engraving, laser engraving, and planar cutting. 3) Electronic gear and electronic cam functions: Electronic gears and cams greatly simplify mechanical design and enable functions difficult to achieve with mechanical gears and cams. Electronic gears allow multiple motion axes to move synchronously according to a set gear ratio, making them suitable for fixed-length shearing and shaftless register printing. Additionally, electronic gear functions allow one motion axis to follow a function determined by the motion of other axes, or one axis to follow the combined speed of two other axes at a set ratio. Electronic cam functions allow changing cam shapes via programming without grinding mechanical cams, greatly simplifying processing techniques. This function makes motion controllers suitable for quenching processing of mechanical cams, irregular glass cutting, and all-electric spring driving. 4) Compare output function: During motion, when the position reaches a set coordinate point, the motion controller outputs one or more digital signals without affecting the motion process. For example, in AOI flying probe inspection, the compare output function triggers CCD high-speed imaging at the set position without interrupting motion, significantly improving efficiency and image quality. This function has also been well applied in laser engraving applications using Googol Technology's general motion controller. 5) Probe signal latching function: This function latches the moment a probe signal is generated and the positions of all motion axes. Accuracy depends only on hardware circuits, unaffected by software or system inertia, making it suitable for the CCM measurement industry. Additionally, more OEM manufacturers wish to integrate their extensive industry application experience into motion control systems, designing personalized motion controller functions for different applications and control objects. Googol Technology has developed a general motion controller application development platform, providing a truly object-oriented open control structure and system reconfiguration capability. Users can load their own control algorithms into the motion controller's memory, reconstructing a special-purpose dedicated motion controller without changing the control system's structural design.

Leybold controller composition

A motion controller generates trajectory points (desired output) and closes the position feedback loop. Many controllers can also close a velocity loop internally. A drive or amplifier converts the motion controller's control signals (typically speed or torque signals) into higher-power current or voltage signals. More advanced intelligent drives can close position and velocity loops themselves for more precise control. An actuator, such as a hydraulic pump, cylinder, linear actuator, or motor, outputs the motion. A feedback sensor, such as a photoelectric encoder, resolver, or Hall effect device, feeds back the actuator's position to the position controller to close the position control loop. Numerous mechanical components convert the actuator's motion into the desired form, including gearboxes, shafts, ball screws, timing belts, couplings, and linear and rotary bearings. Typically, a motion control system's functions include speed control and point-to-point control. There are many methods to calculate a motion trajectory, usually based on a motion velocity profile such as triangular, trapezoidal, or S-shaped velocity profiles. Examples include electronic gears (or electronic cams), where the slave axis position mechanically follows the master axis position changes. A simple example is a system with two turntables rotating at a given relative angle. Electronic cams are more complex than electronic gears, allowing the follow relationship curve between master and slave axes to be a function. This curve can be nonlinear but must be functional.

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