EUROTHERM controller, German EUROTHERM model, EUROTHERM price

The EUROTHERM controller is an electronic system for digital arithmetic operations, specifically designed for industrial environments. It uses a programmable memory to execute instructions for stored logic operations, sequential control, timing, counting, and arithmetic operations. It controls various types of mechanical equipment or production processes through digital or analog input (I) and output (O) interfaces. The programmable controller was developed based on electrical control technology and computer technology, and has gradually evolved into a new type of industrial control device that integrates automation technology, computer technology, and communication technology with a microprocessor at its core. PLC has been widely used in the automatic control of various production machinery and processes, becoming one of the most important, widespread, and frequently applied industrial control devices. It is recognized as one of the three pillars of modern industrial automation (PLC, robots, CAD/CAM).

EUROTHERM Controller Classification

Discrete signals: Classified by voltage level, including 220VAC, 110VAC, and 24VDC; classified by isolation method, including relay isolation and transistor isolation. Analog signals: Classified by signal type, including current type (4-20mA, 0-20mA) and voltage type (0-10V, 0-5V, -10-10V); classified by precision, including 12bit, 14bit, and 16bit. In addition to the general IO mentioned above, there are special IO modules, such as RTD, thermocouple, and pulse modules. Module specifications and quantities are determined by the number of I/O points. The number of I/O modules can vary, but the maximum number is limited by the basic configuration capacity managed by the CPU, i.e., the maximum number of baseplate or rack slots.

EUROTHERM Controller Structure

1) Central Processing Unit (CPU): The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the control center of the PLC, serving as the neural core of the PLC. Each PLC system has at least one CPU. It receives and stores user programs and data entered from the programmer according to the functions assigned by the PLC system program; checks the status of the power supply, memory, I/O, and watchdog timer, and can diagnose syntax errors in the user program. When the PLC is running, it first scans and receives the status and data from field input devices, storing them in the I/O image area. It then reads the user program line by line from the user program memory, executes logical or arithmetic operations according to the instructions after command interpretation, and sends the results to the I/O image area or data registers. After all user programs are executed, the output states in the I/O image area or data in the output registers are transmitted to the corresponding output devices. This cycle continues until operation stops. To further improve the reliability of the PLC, large PLC systems often use dual CPU redundancy or triple CPU voting systems. Thus, even if one CPU fails, the entire system can still operate normally. CPU speed and memory capacity are important parameters of the PLC, determining the working speed of the PLC, the number of I/O, and software capacity, thereby limiting the control scale. 2) Memory: System program memory stores system software; user program memory stores PLC user applications; data memory stores intermediate states and information during PLC program execution, equivalent to the RAM of a PC. 3) Input/Output Interfaces (I/O Modules): The interface between the PLC and electrical circuits is achieved through the input/output section (I/O). The I/O module integrates the PLC's I/O circuitry. Its input latch reflects the input signal status, and output points reflect the output latch status. Input modules convert electrical signals into digital signals for the PLC system, while output modules do the reverse. I/O includes discrete input (DI), discrete output (DO), analog input (AI), and analog output (AO) modules. 4) Communication Interfaces: The main function of communication interfaces is to enable data exchange (communication) between the PLC and external devices. Communication interfaces come in various forms, with the most basic being standard serial interfaces such as UBS, RS-232, and RS-422/RS-485. Connections can be made via multi-core cables, twisted pairs, coaxial cables, or optical fibers. 5) Power Supply: The PLC power supply provides operating power for the PLC circuit and plays a crucial role in the entire system. A good, reliable power supply system is the most basic guarantee for the PLC. Generally, if AC voltage fluctuation is within +10% (+15%), the PLC can be directly connected to the AC mains without additional measures. Power input types include: AC power (220VAC or 110VAC) and DC power (commonly 24VDC).

EUROTHERM Controller Features

1) High reliability and strong anti-interference capability: PLC uses software to replace a large number of intermediate relays and time relays, leaving only a small amount of hardware related to inputs and outputs. Wiring can be reduced to 1/10~1/100 of that in relay control systems, significantly reducing failures caused by poor contact. High reliability is a key performance indicator for electrical control equipment. PLC employs modern large-scale integrated circuit technology, is manufactured using strict production processes, and incorporates advanced internal anti-interference techniques, resulting in very high reliability. For example, the mean time between failures for Mitsubishi's F series PLC is as high as 30 ten thousand hours. Some PLC units using redundant CPU have even longer mean times between failures. In terms of external circuits, using PLC to build a control system reduces electrical wiring and switch contacts to one-hundredth or even one-thousandth compared to relay-contactor systems of the same scale, greatly lowering the failure rate. Furthermore, PLC features hardware fault self-diagnosis, issuing alarm information promptly when faults occur. In application software, users can also incorporate self-diagnostic programs for peripheral devices, extending fault self-diagnosis protection to circuits and equipment other than the PLC. Thus, it is no surprise that the entire system exhibits extremely high reliability. 2) Complete hardware support, comprehensive functionality, and strong applicability: PLC has evolved into a range of serialized products in large, medium, and small sizes, becoming standardized, serialized, and modular. It is equipped with a wide variety of hardware devices for user selection, allowing flexible and convenient system configuration to create systems with different functions and scales. Installation and wiring of PLC are also convenient, typically using terminal blocks for external connections [3]. PLC has strong load-driving capability, capable of directly driving general solenoid valves and AC contactors, making it suitable for industrial control applications of various scales. In addition to logic processing, modern PLC units mostly possess comprehensive data arithmetic capabilities, suitable for various digital control fields. The emergence of numerous PLC function units has allowed PLC to penetrate various industrial controls such as position control, temperature control, and CNC. Coupled with enhanced PLC communication capabilities and developments in human-machine interface technology, using PLC to compose various control systems has become very easy. 3) Easy to learn and use, highly popular among engineering technicians: As a general-purpose industrial control computer, PLC is industrial control equipment oriented toward industrial and mining enterprises. Its interfaces are easy to use, and its programming language is readily accepted by engineering technicians. The graphical symbols and expression methods of ladder diagram language are quite similar to relay circuit diagrams; using only a few PLC discrete logic control instructions can conveniently implement the functions of relay circuits. This opens a convenient door for those unfamiliar with electronic circuits, computer principles, and assembly language to use computers for industrial control. 4) Easy to retrofit: System design, installation, and commissioning require little effort, maintenance is convenient, and retrofitting is easy. PLC ladder programs generally adopt sequential control design methods. This programming method is regular and easy to master. For complex control systems, the design time for ladder diagrams is much less than that for designing relay system circuit diagrams. PLC uses stored logic to replace wired logic, greatly reducing external wiring of control equipment, significantly shortening the design and construction cycle of control systems, and making maintenance easier. More importantly, it makes it possible to change the production process of the same equipment by changing the program. This is very suitable for production scenarios with high variety and small batches. 5) Small size, light weight, and low energy consumption: Taking ultra-compact PLC as an example, recently produced models have a base size of less than 100mm, equivalent to only a few relays, thus reducing the volume of switchgear cabinets to 1/2~1/10 of the original. Its weight is less than 150g, and power consumption is only a few watts. Due to its small size, it is easily installed inside machinery, making it an ideal controller for achieving mechatronics.

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