Balance controller, German Balance model, Balance price

The Balance controller uses a chip to control the switches at various positions in the LED lamp circuit. There are two types of controllers with different structures due to different design methods. A micro-operation is an indivisible operation; performing a micro-operation always requires a corresponding control signal (called a micro-operation control signal or micro-operation command). A digital computer can be basically divided into two parts: the control unit and the execution unit. The controller is the control unit, while the arithmetic logic unit, memory, and peripheral devices are the execution units relative to the controller. One connection between the control unit and the execution unit is through control lines. The control unit sends various control commands to the execution unit via control lines; these control commands are usually called micro-commands, and the operations performed by the execution unit after receiving the micro-commands are called micro-operations. Another connection between the control unit and the execution unit is feedback information. The execution unit reflects the operation status to the control unit via feedback lines, so that the control unit can issue new micro-commands based on the state of the execution unit; this is also called "status testing". Micro-operations are basic operations within the execution unit.

Balance controller types

1) Low-voltage LED product controller: Low-voltage LED products are generally designed for a voltage of 12V-36V, with 3-6 LEDs connected in series per circuit, using resistors for voltage reduction and current limiting, with a current of less than 20mA per circuit. A LED product consists of multiple circuits of LEDs. Advantages include low voltage, simple structure, and ease of design; disadvantages include high current when the product scale is large, requiring a low-voltage switching power supply. Due to these limitations, low-voltage transmission over long distances is not possible, restricting use to compact products such as sign text and small patterns. Based on these characteristics, the controller design specifications are: for 12V, use 75A/30V MOS power transistors for control, with an output current of 8A per channel; for 24-36V, use 60A/50V MOS power transistors for control, with an output current of 5A per channel. Users can select the number of channels for the controller based on the above specifications; for jumping effects, choose the NE20 low-voltage series, and for gradient effects, choose the NE10 low-voltage series controller. Note that the LEDs must use a common anode (+) connection method, with the controller controlling the cathode (-); the controller does not include a low-voltage power supply. 2) High-voltage LED product controller: High-voltage LED products are designed for AC/DC 220V voltage, with 36-48 LEDs connected in series per circuit, and a current of less than 20mA per circuit. There are two current-limiting methods: one is resistor current limiting, which results in high resistor power dissipation; it is recommended to connect one 1/4W metal film resistor in series for every 4 LEDs to distribute heat evenly, as this connection is the most stable and reliable; the other is RC series current limiting, where most of the voltage drop occurs across the capacitor, resulting in low resistor power dissipation. This method can only be used for steady-on states; if flashing occurs, the capacitor stores energy, potentially doubling the voltage and easily damaging the LEDs. All LEDs using a controller must use resistor current limiting. LEDs are generally one meter per circuit, with a power of 5W, and three-color power of 15W per meter. Common gradient controllers include NE112K for controlling DC 1200W, NE103D for AC loads, 4500W for DC loads, and 1500W. If there are many flashing tube units, use NE112K; if only overall flashing is required, use NE103D. If using gradient mode, ensure load matching, as neon lights and LEDs have different luminous distribution characteristics; different types of loads cannot be mixed in the same circuit. 3) Low-voltage serial controller: The characteristic of low-voltage LED product serial controllers is the large number of control channels, achieving control through serial signal transmission. Generally, controlling 512 units requires only 4 control lines. Serial LED controllers require registers on the LED light source board. The controller model NE040S can be selected, with a maximum capacity of 4096KBit. If the load is 512 units of LEDs, it can achieve a maximum of 8192 frames. Additionally, there are controllers used in the safety industry, which are devices that control detectors to monitor gas within various operating intervals.

Balance controller structure

Instruction Register: A register used to store the instruction currently being executed or about to be executed. The instruction contains an opcode that determines the operation type and an address that indicates the source or destination of the operand. Instruction length varies with different computers, and the length of the instruction register varies accordingly. All computer operations are performed after analyzing the instructions stored in the instruction register. The input end of the instruction register receives instructions from memory, and the output end is divided into two parts. The opcode part is sent to the decoding circuit for analysis to indicate the type of operation to be performed; the address part is sent to the address adder to generate the effective address, which is then sent to memory as the address for fetching or storing data. Memory can refer to main memory, cache, or register stacks used to store the instruction currently being executed. When executing an instruction, it is first fetched from memory into the data register (DR), and then transferred to IR. Instructions are divided into opcode and address code fields, composed of binary digits. To execute any given instruction, the opcode must be tested to identify the required operation. The instruction decoder performs this task. The output of the opcode field in the instruction register is the input to the instruction decoder. Once the opcode is decoded, it sends specific signals for the specific operation to the operation controller. Program Counter: A counter that indicates the address of the next instruction to be executed in the program, also known as the instruction counter. It functions as both an instruction address register and a counter. When an instruction is completed, the program counter, acting as the instruction address register, must have its content changed to the address of the next instruction, allowing the program to continue running.

Balance controller applications

With the continuous improvement of medical equipment technology, microcontrollers have begun to be widely used in medical devices, mainly reflected in: First, intelligent monitoring of patients' physical characteristic data, where some medical devices can be installed on patients to collect their body data and interact with backend control systems. If abnormalities in the patient's physical characteristics are detected, an alarm is generated promptly. For example, some medical devices can monitor a patient's heart rate, pulse, blood pressure, etc., and promptly call doctors for treatment if abnormalities are found; Second, intelligent electronic devices are also used during surgical procedures. For example, some surgeries require entering the patient's body. Without open surgery, the surgical process can be completed by controlling intelligent devices, further reducing patient pain and accelerating recovery; Third, intelligent health checkup data analysis devices can input user health checkup data into analysis equipment. By comparing with normal data, they can promptly predict and diagnose user diseases. With the continuous improvement of China's medical technology level, the application of microcontroller technology has become increasingly widespread, improving medical technology levels and better maintaining patient health.

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