German Vishay Sprague plug, Vishay Sprague model, Vishay Sprague price

Vishay Sprague plug is a common line or path used in computers to connect various functional components and transmit data between them. In computer systems, buses can be classified according to the objects they connect: Chip bus, also known as device-level bus, which is the bus inside the central processing unit chip. Internal bus, also known as system bus or board-level bus, which is the transmission path between various functional components of the computer; microcomputer buses are usually referred to as internal buses. External bus, also known as communication bus, which is the transmission path between computer systems, or between the computer host and peripheral devices. In computer systems, the common path for transmitting information between various components is called the bus, and microcomputers use a bus structure to connect various functional components.

Vishay Sprague plug principle

A bus is a shared data transmission device. Although multiple devices can be connected to the bus, typically only one pair of devices participates in data transmission at any given time. According to the form of information transmission, buses can be divided into parallel buses and serial buses. A parallel bus transmits n-bit binary information simultaneously using n transmission lines. Its characteristics include high transmission speed, but the system structure is more complex; it is used for connections between components within a computer system. A serial bus shares a single transmission line for multi-bit binary information, with bits transmitted sequentially over time. Its characteristics include a simple structure, but slower transmission speed. The bus must have clear specifications: Bus timing protocol, meaning that certain timing rules must be followed when transmitting information on the bus, such as synchronous bus timing, asynchronous bus timing, and semi-synchronous bus timing. Physical characteristics of the bus, including electrical characteristics of signals, power, and addresses, as well as mechanical characteristics of wiring and connectors. Bus bandwidth, which is the maximum transmission rate achievable by the bus, with the unit being MB/S.

Vishay Sprague plug types

Common data buses include ISA, EISA, VESA, PCI, etc. "Address bus AB" is specifically used to transmit addresses. Since addresses can only be transmitted from the CPU to external memory or I/O ports, the address bus is always unidirectional and tri-state, which differs from the data bus. The number of bits in the address bus determines the size of the memory space directly addressable by the CPU. For example, if an 8-bit microcomputer has an 16-bit address bus, its maximum addressable space is 2^16=64KB. An 16-bit microcomputer (x-bit processor refers to the number of bits (1, 0) that the microprocessor can process in one clock cycle, i.e., the word size) has an 20-bit address bus, and its addressable space is 2^20=1MB. Generally, if the address bus is n bits, the addressable space is 2^n bytes. "Control bus CB" is used to transmit control signals and timing signals. Among control signals, some are sent from the microprocessor to memory and I/O interface circuits, such as read/write signals, chip select signals, and interrupt response signals; others are fed back to the CPU from other components, such as interrupt request signals, reset signals, bus request signals, and device ready signals. Therefore, the transmission direction of the control bus depends on the specific control signal, and (information) is generally bidirectional. The number of bits in the control bus depends on the actual control needs of the system. In practice, the specific situation of the control bus mainly depends on the CPU. According to the method of data transmission, buses can be divided into serial buses and parallel buses. In serial buses, binary data is sent bit by bit through a single data line to the destination device; parallel buses typically have more than 2 data lines. Common serial buses include SPI, I2C, USB, and RS232. According to whether the clock signal is independent, buses can be divided into synchronous and asynchronous buses. The clock signal of a synchronous bus is independent of the data, while the clock signal of an asynchronous bus is extracted from the data. SPI and I2C are synchronous serial buses, and RS232 uses an asynchronous serial bus.

Vishay Sprague plug main parameters

1) Rated voltage: Rated voltage, also known as operating voltage, mainly depends on the insulation material used in the connector and the spacing between contact pairs. Some components or devices may not perform their intended functions when operated below their rated voltage. The rated voltage of a connector should effectively be understood as the maximum operating voltage recommended by the manufacturer. In principle, connectors can operate normally at voltages below the rated voltage. The author tends to select the rated voltage reasonably based on the connector's withstand voltage (dielectric strength) specifications, usage environment, and safety level requirements. That is to say, with the same withstand voltage specification, different maximum operating voltages can be used depending on the usage environment and safety requirements. This aligns better with objective usage conditions. 2) Rated current: Also known as operating current. Like rated voltage, connectors generally operate normally at currents below the rated current. In the connector design process, thermal design is used to meet rated current requirements because when current flows through contact pairs, heat is generated due to conductor resistance and contact resistance. When heating exceeds a certain limit, it will damage the connector's insulation and cause softening of the contact pair surface plating, leading to failure. Therefore, limiting the rated current effectively means limiting the internal temperature rise of the connector to not exceed the design specified value. An issue to note during selection is that for multi-core connectors, the rated current must be derated. This is especially important in high-current applications. For example, for φ3.5mm contact pairs, the rated current is generally specified as 50A, but for 5 cores, it must be derated by 33%, meaning the rated current per core is only 38A. The greater the number of cores, the larger the derating factor. 3) Contact resistance: Contact resistance refers to the resistance generated at the contact point between two conductive contacts. Two issues should be noted during selection. First, the connector's contact resistance specification is effectively the contact pair resistance, which includes contact resistance and contact pair conductor resistance. Usually, conductor resistance is small, so contact pair resistance is often referred to as contact resistance in many technical specifications. Second, in circuits carrying small signals, pay attention to the conditions under which the given contact resistance specification was tested, because oxide layers, oil stains, or other pollutants on the contact surface can create film resistance. As the film thickness increases, resistance rises rapidly, making the film a poor conductor. However, the film can undergo mechanical breakdown under high contact pressure, or electrical breakdown under high voltage and large current. For some small-volume connectors designed with relatively low contact pressure, used only at mA and mV levels, film resistance is not easily broken down, which may affect signal transmission. One of the contact resistance test methods in GB5095 "Basic Test Procedures and Measurement Methods for Electromechanical Components Used in Electrical Equipment," namely "Contact Resistance - Millivolt Method," stipulates that to prevent breakdown of the insulating film on contacts, the DC or AC peak open-circuit electromotive force of the test circuit shall not exceed 20mV, and the DC or AC test current shall not exceed 100mA. 4) Shielding: In modern electrical and electronic equipment, the increasing density of components and their related functions imposes strict limits on electromagnetic interference. Therefore, connectors are often enclosed in metal shells to prevent internal electromagnetic radiation or interference from external electromagnetic fields. At low frequencies, only magnetic materials provide significant shielding against magnetic fields. In this case, there are certain requirements for the electrical continuity of the metal shell, which is the shell contact resistance.

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