German RAFI plug RAFI model RAFI price

RAFI plug is a common line or path used in computers to connect various functional components and transmit data between them. In computer systems, buses can be classified according to the objects they connect: chip bus, also known as device-level bus, which is the bus inside the central processor chip; internal bus, also known as system bus or board-level bus, which is the transmission path between various functional components of the computer, and the microcomputer bus is usually called the internal bus; external bus, also known as communication bus, which is the transmission path between computer systems, or between the computer host and peripheral devices. In computer systems, the common path for transmitting information between various components is called the bus, and microcomputers use a bus structure to connect various functional components.

RAFI plug introduction

Any microprocessor must be connected to a certain number of components and peripheral devices. However, if each component and every type of peripheral device were directly connected to the CPU with a separate set of lines, the wiring would become intricate and complex, even difficult to implement. To simplify hardware circuit design and system structure, a single set of lines is commonly used, configured with appropriate interface circuits to connect to various components and peripheral devices. This shared set of connection lines is called the bus. Adopting a bus structure facilitates the expansion of components and devices, especially when unified bus standards are established, making it easier to achieve interconnection between different devices. In microcomputers, buses generally include internal buses, system buses, and external buses. The internal bus is the bus between various peripheral chips and the processor inside the microcomputer, used for chip-level interconnection; the system bus is the bus between various plug-in boards and the system board in the microcomputer, used for board-level interconnection; the external bus is the bus between the microcomputer and external devices. As a device, the microcomputer exchanges information and data with other devices through this bus, which is used for device-level interconnection. Additionally, broadly speaking, computer communication methods can be divided into parallel communication and serial communication, with the corresponding communication buses referred to as parallel buses and serial buses. Parallel communication offers high speed and good real-time performance, but due to the large number of occupied signal lines, it is not suitable for miniaturized products; while serial communication has a lower rate, it appears simpler, more convenient, and flexible in microprocessor circuits where data communication throughput is not very high. Serial communication can generally be divided into asynchronous mode and synchronous mode. --- With the development of microelectronics and computer technology, bus technology is also continuously developing and improving, resulting in a wide variety of computer bus technologies, each with its own characteristics.

RAFI plug material

1) The material for female or male terminals shall be copper alloy, or plated copper alloy, nickel, or nickel alloy. [Exception: If the structure of the electrical appliance or apparatus permits, the female or male terminals may be plated sheet metal, or non-plated but corrosion-resistant alloy. 2) If formed female terminals or trimmed male terminals appear in the form of terminal strips, when the terminal strip is continuously fed into the processing tool, the terminals are curled and separated from the terminal strip. In this case, the edge where the terminal connects to the terminal strip does not need to be plated. The standard terminals used in temperature and thermal cycling tests shall be tin-plated sheet steel or corrosion-resistant steel. According to the Rockwell 30T hardness standard, their hardness shall be Rockwell hardness 68 ± 5. Exception: If the female terminal is only applicable for connecting male terminals made of copper alloy, then C26000 copper alloy standard terminals shall be used for testing. 2.3 According to the Rockwell 30T hardness standard, the hardness of standard terminals made of brass shall be 62 ± 7.

RAFI plug main parameters

1) Rated voltage: Also known as operating voltage, it mainly depends on the insulating materials used in the connector and the spacing between contact pairs. Certain components or devices may fail to perform their intended functions when operated below their rated voltage. The rated voltage of a connector should effectively be understood as the maximum operating voltage recommended by the manufacturer. In principle, connectors can operate normally at voltages below the rated voltage. The author recommends selecting the rated voltage reasonably based on the connector's dielectric strength (withstand voltage) specifications, according to the application environment and safety level requirements. This means that with the same dielectric strength specification, different maximum operating voltages can be applied depending on the specific application environment and safety requirements, which aligns better with actual usage conditions. 2) Rated current: Also known as operating current. Similar to rated voltage, connectors generally operate normally at currents below the rated current. During the connector design process, thermal design is employed to meet rated current requirements, because when current flows through the contact pair, heat is generated due to conductor resistance and contact resistance. When the temperature rise exceeds a certain limit, it will damage the connector's insulation and cause softening of the contact pair surface plating, leading to failures. Therefore, limiting the rated current effectively means limiting the internal temperature rise of the connector to not exceed the designed specified value. An important consideration during selection is that for multi-core connectors, the rated current must be derated. This requires particular attention in high-current applications; for example, for 3.5mm contact pairs, the rated current is generally specified as 50A, but when used in a 5-core configuration, it must be derated by 33%, meaning the rated current per core is only 38A. The greater the number of cores, the larger the derating magnitude. 3) Contact resistance: Contact resistance refers to the resistance generated at the contact interface between two conductive contacts. Two issues should be noted during selection: First, the contact resistance specification of a connector actually refers to the contact pair resistance, which includes both the contact resistance and the conductor resistance of the contact pair. Since conductor resistance is typically small, the contact pair resistance is often referred to as contact resistance in many technical specifications. Second, in circuits carrying small signals, attention must be paid to the conditions under which the specified contact resistance is tested, because oxide layers, oil stains, or other contaminants on the contact surfaces can create film resistance. As the film thickness increases, the resistance rises rapidly, causing the film to act as a poor conductor. However, this film layer can undergo mechanical breakdown under high contact pressure, or electrical breakdown under high voltage and high current. For some compact connectors designed with relatively low contact pressure, where the application involves only mA and mV levels, the film resistance is not easily broken down, which may affect signal transmission. One of the contact resistance test methods specified in GB5095 "Basic Test Procedures and Measurement Methods for Electromechanical Components Used in Electrical Equipment," namely the "Contact Resistance - Millivolt Method," stipulates that to prevent breakdown of the insulating film on the contacts, the DC or AC peak open-circuit electromotive force of the test circuit shall not exceed 20mV, and the DC or AC test current shall not exceed 100mA. 4) Shielding: In modern electrical and electronic equipment, the increasing density of components and their interrelated functions impose strict limits on electromagnetic interference. Therefore, connectors are often enclosed in metal housings to prevent internal electromagnetic radiation or interference from external electromagnetic fields. At low frequencies, only magnetic materials provide significant shielding against magnetic fields. In such cases, there are specific requirements for the electrical continuity of the metal housing, which relates to the housing contact resistance.

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