German AMPHENOL plug AMPHENOL model AMPHENOL price

AMPHENOL plugs are conductive devices that bridge two conductors in a circuit, allowing current or signals to flow from one conductor to another. An electronic connector is an electromechanical system that provides a separable interface for connecting two subsystems. Simply put, components used to complete electrical connections between circuits or electronic machines are called connectors, acting as a bridge between them. In addition to meeting general performance requirements, it is particularly important that electrical connectors achieve good contact, reliable operation, and ease of maintenance. Their reliability directly affects the normal operation of aircraft circuits and involves the safety of the entire host. Therefore, host circuits have very strict requirements for the quality and reliability of electrical connectors. It is precisely because of the high quality and high reliability of electrical connectors that they are also widely used in military systems such as aviation, aerospace, and national defense. Common classification methods for electrical connectors include appearance, structure, and application.

AMPHENOL plug features

1) Developing towards miniaturization, high density, and high-speed transmission; 2) Developing towards high performance and high-frequency technology; 3) There is also a large market demand for high-voltage and high-current connectors; 4) Connectors are also developing towards anti-interference technology, modular technology, and lead-free technology. As the rate of traditional parallel synchronous digital signals approaches its limit, high-speed serial transmission is a good solution. This makes Low-Voltage Differential Signaling (LVDS) the main electrical level standard for next-generation high-speed signals. The selection of high-speed connectors has also become a major issue to be resolved for high-rate signal interconnection. Several key technologies adopted in the development of high-speed connectors include: 1) Differential signaling, noise-free signaling, and ground plane technologies used to reduce crosstalk; 2) Adjusting connector leads to change delay differences caused by unequal physical distances between connector inputs and outputs; 3) To achieve maximum transmission efficiency, the characteristic impedance of the connector should match the characteristic impedance of the transmission circuit.

AMPHENOL plug material

Material selection is based on a comprehensive consideration of processability, product applicability, and strength properties. The cost of electronic connectors varies depending on material prices, processing difficulty, and production efficiency. Electronic connector materials mainly include insulator materials (plastic raw materials) and conductor materials (phosphor bronze, brass). Common engineering plastics used in electronic connectors are: LCP, NYLON, PBT. 1) LCP: Features a low coefficient of linear expansion, low injection molding shrinkage, outstanding strength and elastic modulus, and excellent heat resistance. It has a high heat deflection temperature, with some grades exceeding 340 degrees. LCP also offers excellent chemical resistance and air tightness. Therefore, LCP is the preferred material for general connectors, especially those requiring SMT, such as eg:MINI PCI EXPRESS; DDR. 2) NYLON: Lower cost, very high tensile strength, outstanding wear resistance and self-lubricity, good flowability beneficial for thin-wall molding. However, it shrinks significantly and is prone to burrs. Strict baking is required before molding to prevent hydrolysis. General connectors, especially those using DIP, mostly use NYLON material, such as eg:PCI 120P; PCI EXPRESS. 3) PBT: Plug-in electronic connectors. Low cost, high strength, and abrasion resistant, but poor moldability and significant shrinkage. Due to the lower melting temperature, plastic melting phenomena may occur during wave soldering.

AMPHENOL plug usage precautions

Fieldbus is gradually being promoted in industrial sites. Many devices not only have traditional instrument functions but also possess fieldbus capabilities. In DCS, fieldbus is widely used. The following issues should be noted when using fieldbus: 1) Communication distance. Fieldbus communication distance generally has certain requirements. For example, PROFIBUS/DP at a rate of 12Mbps can reach 200m using standard cable. If using a rate of 187.5kbps, it can reach 1 000m. Communication distance has two meanings: first, the distance achievable between two nodes without repeaters; generally, distance is inversely proportional to communication rate. Second, the distance between the two farthest nodes in the entire network. Manufacturers' descriptions of this are often unclear. In actual use, the scope of the entire network must be considered. Electromagnetic signals take time to transmit through cables. Especially in some high-speed fieldbuses, if the distance is increased, some communication parameters must be modified. 2) Cable selection. The site environment determines the fieldbus communication speed and medium. Generally, fieldbus uses electrical signals to transmit data, which are inevitably affected by the surrounding electromagnetic environment during transmission. Most fieldbuses use shielded twisted pair cables. Note that different types of fieldbuses may require different shielded twisted pair cables. Fieldbus developers generally specify a special cable, and the specified rate and transmission distance can only be achieved when this cable is used correctly. In extremely harsh electromagnetic conditions, optical fiber is a reasonable choice; otherwise, local interference may affect the operation of the entire fieldbus network. 3) Isolation. Generally, fieldbus electrical signals are electrically isolated from the device internals. Fieldbus cables are distributed throughout the workshop. If high voltage intrudes, it will damage the bus transceivers of all devices on the network segment. Without isolation, high-voltage signals will continue to damage other internal circuits of the device, leading to serious consequences. 4) Shielding. The outer layer of the shielded cable used in fieldbus must be grounded at a single point. If high-frequency interference is severe, multi-point capacitive grounding can be used. Multi-point direct grounding is not allowed to avoid ground loop currents. 5) Connectors. Fieldbus generally does not have strict regulations for connectors, but improper handling can affect the communication of the entire system. For example, fieldbus generally uses a bus-type daisy chain connection. When connecting each device, attention must be paid to how to insert and remove equipment without affecting existing communications, which places certain requirements on connectors. 6) Termination matching. Fieldbus signals, like all electromagnetic wave signals, exhibit reflection phenomena. Resistive matching should be used at both ends of each network segment of the bus. The first function is to absorb reflections, and the second is to achieve correct voltage levels at both ends of the bus to ensure communication. Therefore, fieldbus technology is the intersection and integration of control, computer, and communication technologies. Its emergence and rapid development reflect the requirements in the control field for reducing costs, improving reliability, enhancing maintainability, and increasing the intelligence of data acquisition.

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