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MARKAL tools refer to electrical safety tools, which are various specialized tools and devices designed to prevent accidents such as electric shock, burns, falls, and stumbling, thereby ensuring the personal safety of workers. In power systems, to successfully complete tasks without causing personal injury, operators must carry and use various safety tools. For example, electrical safety equipment is required when inspecting operating electrical equipment, changing operating modes, or performing maintenance and tests; climbing safety equipment is needed during line construction; when working on live electrical equipment or in areas near live equipment, insulating safety tools must be used to prevent electric shock or arc burns. Electrical safety tools can be divided into four categories: personal protective equipment, insulating safety tools, climbing tools, and warning signs.

MARKAL tool types

1) Frame saw. Also known as a buck saw, it consists of an H-shaped wooden frame, twisted rope and twist pieces, and a saw blade. The two ends of the saw blade are fixed to the frame with knobs, which can also be used to adjust the angle of the blade. After tightening the twisted rope, the blade is taut and ready for use. Frame saws are classified into coarse, medium, and fine types based on blade length and tooth pitch. Coarse saw blades are 650—750mm long, with a tooth pitch of 4—5mm; they are mainly used for cutting thicker wood. Medium saw blades are 550—650mm long, with a tooth pitch of 3—4mm; they are mainly used for cutting thin wood or cutting tenons. Fine saw blades are 450—500mm long, with a tooth pitch of 2—3mm; they are mainly used for cutting finer wood and cutting tenon shoulders. 2) Knife saw. A knife saw mainly consists of a saw edge and a handle, and can be divided into single-sided, double-sided, and back-backed knife saws. Single-sided knife saws have a blade length of 350mm, with teeth on one side; depending on the function of the teeth, they can be divided into rip cuts and crosscuts. Double-sided knife saws have a blade length of 300mm, with teeth on both sides; typically, one side is for rip cutting and the other for crosscutting. Back-backed knife saws have a blade plate length of 250—300mm; the back of the blade is reinforced with a steel strip, and the teeth are finer, available in rip and crosscut versions. 3) Groove saw. A groove saw consists of a handle and a saw blade, with the blade being approximately 200mm long. It is mainly used for cutting grooves in wood. 4) Panel saw. Also known as a hand saw, it consists of a handle and a saw blade, with the blade being approximately 250—750mm long and a tooth pitch of 3—4mm. Panel saws are mainly used for cutting wider wooden boards. 5) Narrow hand saw. The blade is narrow and long, with a pointed tip, and a length of approximately 300—400mm. Narrow hand saws are mainly used for cutting narrow holes and slots. 6) Coping saw. Also known as a fret saw, its structure is similar to that of a frame saw, but the blade is narrower (approximately 10mm), and it is mainly used for cutting arcs and curves. 7) Wire saw. Also known as a bow saw, it is made by bending a bamboo strip into a bow shape and stretching a wire between the two ends. The wire has serrated edges cut into it, using the sharp edges for cutting. The wire is approximately 200—600mm long, and the saw bow is 800—900mm long. Wire saws are mainly used for cutting complex curves and opening holes.

MARKAL tool precautions

Large saws are commonly used for wide and thick boards; small saws are used for narrow and thin wood; coarse saws are often used for cross-cutting; fine saws are used for tenons and shoulders; saws with greater set are used for hardwoods and wet wood, while saws with less set are used for softwoods and dry wood. When using saws, attention must be paid to safe operating methods for each type: 1) Before using a frame saw, adjust the blade angle with the knobs; conventionally, it should form an angle of 45° with the plane of the wooden frame. Tighten the tensioning rope with the twist piece to keep the blade straight and taut. When starting the cut, hold the handle firmly with the right hand and place the left hand at the starting point, pushing and pulling gently a few times. Do not apply excessive force; do not twist the saw left or right during cutting; apply more pressure on the push stroke and less on the pull stroke, maintaining a uniform rhythm. When nearing the end of the cut, hold the piece to be cut off steady with your hand. After use, loosen the blade and hang it in a secure location. 2) When using a crosscut saw, apply balanced force with both hands to prevent the saw from drifting toward the side with greater force. When correcting a skewed cut, do so slowly to prevent binding or breaking the blade. 3) When using a wire saw, do not apply excessive force or pull too quickly, to avoid breaking the wire. When pulling the saw, the operator's head must not be positioned above the top of the bow frame, to avoid facial injury if the wire breaks and snaps back. 4) Regularly check the sharpness of the blade and the stability of the saw frame and handle. Repair blades with dull or uneven teeth promptly. Also repair or replace damaged ropes, nuts, knobs, handles, and wooden frames before continuing use.

MARKAL tool usage

1) Explosion-proof tools provide safety assurance for workers in flammable, explosive, and corrosive environments, enhancing social safety and allowing staff to work with greater peace of mind. After daily use, explosion-proof tools require proper maintenance, which is crucial for their service life. Improper maintenance may prevent the tools from serving us effectively for a long time. First, store the tools in a dry place to protect working components from damage. In daily work, after 20 consecutive strikes, remove surface deposits from the tools, wipe them clean, and then resume use. Do not use them continuously, as prolonged friction can cause heating, potentially damaging the tool products. 2) After use, wipe off surface dirt and deposits, and store in a dry, safe place. 3) Striking tools must not be used for continuous impacts; allow appropriate intervals after every ten strikes, and promptly remove debris adhering to the product before continuing use. 4) Wrenches must not be used with excessive force. Do not extend the lever arm by using sleeves or binding other metal rods, and do not use hammers to tighten fasteners (except for striking wrenches). 5) Cutting-edge tools should be gently touched against a grinding wheel in a water trough for sharpening. Do not apply excessive force or maintain contact with the grinding wheel for too long. 6) In actual operation with chiseling and striking tools, clear site debris and corrosive oxides from the work surface to prevent third-party impact injuries. Based on the above performance and usage, aluminum-copper alloys are more suitable for normal pressure equipment and environments with less stringent explosion-proof requirements (such as gas stations and small oil depots). Beryllium-copper alloy explosion-proof tools are suitable for applications such as refineries, gas transfer stations, gas production plants, and drilling teams. 7) Before using various products, remove surface oil stains and use according to the instructions for steel tools.

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