German SIKO encoder SIKO model SIKO price

The SIKO encoder is a sensor that converts mechanical geometric displacement on the output shaft into pulses or digital quantities through photoelectric conversion. It is currently the most widely used sensor. Photoelectric encoders consist of a light source, an optical code disk, and photosensitive elements. The grating disk has several rectangular openings evenly distributed on a circular plate of a certain diameter. Since the optical code disk is coaxial with the motor, the grating disk rotates at the same speed as the motor when the motor rotates. The detection device, composed of electronic components such as light-emitting diodes, detects and outputs several pulse signals. By calculating the number of pulses output by the photoelectric encoder per second, the current speed of the motor can be determined. In addition, to determine the direction of rotation, the code disk can provide two pulse signals with a phase difference of 90º.

SIKO encoder advantages

Encoder advantages: small size, high precision, high inherent resolution, non-contact and wear-free; the same type can detect angular displacement and, with the help of mechanical conversion devices, linear displacement; multi-turn absolute photoelectric encoders can detect linear displacement over a considerable range (e.g., 25-bit multi-turn). Long service life, flexible installation, rich interface options, and reasonable price. Mature technology, widely applied domestically and internationally for many years. Advantages of static magnetic grid absolute encoders: moderate size, direct measurement of linear displacement, absolute digital encoding, theoretically unlimited range; non-contact and wear-free, resistant to harsh environments, usable underwater up to 1000 meters; rich interface options, diverse measurement methods; acceptable price.

SIKO encoder working principle

It consists of an optical code disk with a central shaft, featuring concentric transparent and opaque lines. Photoelectric emission and receiving devices read these lines to obtain four sets of sine wave signals, forming A, B, C, and D. Each sine wave has a phase difference of 90 degrees (relative to one cycle of 360 degrees). Inverting the C and D signals and superimposing them on the A and B phases enhances signal stability. Additionally, one Z phase pulse is output per revolution to represent the zero reference position. Since the A and B phases differ by 90 degrees, the forward and reverse rotation of the encoder can be determined by comparing whether the A phase leads or the B phase leads. The zero reference position of the encoder can be obtained through the zero pulse. Code disk materials include glass, metal, and plastic. Glass code disks have very thin lines deposited on glass, offering good thermal stability and high precision. Metal code disks use direct transparent and opaque lines, are not prone to breaking, but due to the thickness of the metal, precision is limited, and thermal stability is an order of magnitude worse than glass. Plastic code disks are economical with low cost, but precision, thermal stability, and service life are somewhat inferior. Resolution—defined as the number of transparent or opaque lines provided by the encoder per 360 degrees of rotation, also known as analysis gradation or simply the number of lines, typically ranging from 5 to 10000 lines per revolution.

SIKO encoder signal output

Signal outputs include sine waves (current or voltage), square waves (TTL, HTL), open collector (PNP, NPN), and push-pull types. Among these, TTL is long-line differential drive (symmetrical A, A-; B, B-; Z, Z-). HTL is also known as push-pull output. The signal receiving equipment interface should match the encoder. Signal connection—encoder pulse signals are generally connected to counters, PLC, and computers. Modules connecting PLC and computers are divided into low-speed and high-speed modules, with varying switching frequencies. Single-phase connection is used for unidirectional counting and speed measurement. A.B two-phase connection is used for bidirectional counting, direction determination, and speed measurement. Three-phase connection of A, B, and Z is used for position measurement with reference position correction. Connection of A, A-, B, B-, Z, Z- provides symmetrical negative signals, resulting in 0 electromagnetic field contribution from the cable current, minimizing attenuation and providing optimal interference resistance for longer transmission distances. For TTL encoders with symmetrical negative signal output, the signal transmission distance can reach 150 meters. For HTL encoders with symmetrical negative signal output, the signal transmission distance can reach 300 meters.

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