German LEONARD encoder LEONARD model LEONARD price

LEONARD encoders are devices used to measure rotational speed and, when combined with PWM technology, enable rapid speed adjustment. Optical rotary encoders convert mechanical quantities such as angular displacement and angular velocity of the output shaft into corresponding electrical pulses via photoelectric conversion, outputting them as digital signals (REP). They are available in single-channel and dual-channel output types. Key technical parameters include pulses per revolution (ranging from tens to thousands) and supply voltage. Single-channel output means the rotary encoder outputs one set of pulses, while dual-channel rotary encoders output two sets of A/B with a phase difference of 90 degrees. These two pulse sets allow not only speed measurement but also determination of rotation direction. Based on signal output type, they are classified as: voltage output, open-collector output, push-pull complementary output, and line-driver output.

LEONARD encoder principle

Magnetic encoders use magnetoelectric design, where changes in the magnetic field of magnetic sensing elements generate or provide position and speed information for actuators (servo motors). The physical working principle of magnetic encoders is the magnetoresistive effect. This effect arises because charge carriers inside a current-carrying conductor or semiconductor are subjected to the Lorentz force externally, causing their trajectories to deflect or spiral, thereby changing the potential difference within the conductor or semiconductor. This is a microscopic manifestation; macroscopically, any change in the external magnetic field causes a corresponding change in magnetoresistance. This is the magnetoresistive effect in magnetic encoders. Magnetoresistive elements in magnetic encoders include semiconductor magnetoresistive elements and ferromagnetic magnetoresistive elements. Thus, the detection probe of a magnetic encoder uses magnetoresistive elements as its magnetic head. Currently, common magnetoresistive heads for magnetic encoder probes include Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR) heads (GMR) and Anisotropic Magnetoresistance (AMR) heads (AMR). However, due to advantages such as better frequency characteristics and higher sensitivity compared to GNR heads, AMR heads are gradually becoming the mainstream choice for magnetic encoders.

LEONARD encoder advantages and disadvantages

(1) Advantages: High precision, high resolution, high reliability, direct output of digital codes in specific formats, easy connection to microcomputers and digital systems, highly flexible and convenient to use, primarily used for measuring various displacement quantities. (2) Disadvantages: (1) The resolution of contact encoders is limited by brushes and cannot be very high; (2) Contact generates friction, resulting in shorter service life; (3) Contact points do not allow high-speed operation. Therefore, this type of encoder is less commonly used.

LEONARD encoder applications

Textile machinery, irrigation machinery, papermaking and printing, water conservancy gates, robots and robotic arms, port lifting machinery, steel and metallurgical equipment, heavy machinery, precision measurement equipment, machine tools, food machinery, elevators, and other special equipment.

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