German Kinetronic encoder Kinetronic model Kinetronic price

Kinetronic encoder is a sensor that converts mechanical geometric displacement on the output shaft into pulses or digital quantities through photoelectric conversion. It is currently the most widely used sensor. Photoelectric encoders consist of a light source, a code disk, and photosensitive elements. The grating disk has several rectangular holes evenly distributed on a circular plate of a certain diameter. Since the photoelectric code disk is coaxial with the motor, when the motor rotates, the grating disk rotates at the same speed as the motor. A detection device composed of electronic components such as light-emitting diodes detects and outputs several pulse signals. By calculating the number of pulses output by the photoelectric encoder per second, the current speed of the motor can be reflected. In addition, to determine the direction of rotation, the code disk can also provide two pulse signals with a phase difference of 90º.

Kinetronic encoder accuracy

(1) Uses a code disk with 8421 coding. Although relatively simple, strict requirements are placed on the manufacturing and installation of the code disk; otherwise, erroneous codes may occur. When the brush transitions from binary code 0111 to 1000, it should change from 7 to 8. However, if the brushes enter the conductive area at inconsistent times, any decimal number between 8 and 15 may appear. This results in the non-single-value error mentioned earlier. One method to solve this problem is to use a cyclic code disk. Based on the characteristics of cyclic code, even if manufacturing and installation are inaccurate, the maximum error generated is only one bit in the least significant position. Therefore, using a cyclic code disk offers higher accuracy than using an 8421 code disk. (2) Scanning method. The scanning method includes V scanning, U scanning, and M scanning. A brush is installed on the least significant bit track, while two brushes are installed on other bit tracks: one brush is located before the measured position, called the leading brush; the other is placed after the measured position, called the lagging brush. If the incremental width of the effective bit on the least significant bit track is z, then the distances corresponding to the brushes for each bit are 1x, 2x, 4x, 8x, etc. Thus, at each determined position, the output level of the least significant bit brush reflects its true value. Since there are two brushes for higher bits, two levels will be output. Based on the brush distribution and encoding change rules, to read the level value corresponding to the high-order binary code reflecting that position, when the lower-level track brush truly outputs "1", the true output on the higher-level track must be read from the lagging brush; if the lower-level track brush truly outputs "0", the true output on the higher-level track must be read from the leading brush. Since there is only one brush on the least significant bit track, its output represents the true position. This method is the V scanning method.

Kinetronic encoder main functions

It is a rotary sensor that converts rotational displacement into a series of digital pulse signals. These pulses can be used to control angular displacement. If the encoder is combined with a rack and pinion or a lead screw, it can also be used to measure linear displacement. After the encoder generates electrical signals, they are processed by numerical control devices CNC, programmable logic controllers PLC, control systems, etc. These sensors are mainly applied in the following areas: machine tools, material processing, motor feedback systems, and measurement and control equipment. In ELTRA encoders, the conversion of angular displacement adopts the principle of photoelectric scanning. The reading system is based on the rotation of a radial graduated disk, which consists of alternating transparent and opaque windows. The entire system is illuminated vertically by an infrared light source, projecting the image on the disk onto the surface of the receiver. The receiver is covered with a grating, called a collimator, which has windows identical to those on the code disk. The receiver's function is to sense the light changes produced by the rotation of the code disk and convert these light changes into corresponding electrical changes. Generally, a rotary encoder can also obtain a speed signal, which is fed back to the frequency converter to adjust its output data. Fault phenomenon: 1. When the rotary encoder fails (no output), the frequency converter cannot operate normally, running very slowly, and soon triggers frequency converter protection, displaying "PG disconnected"... Joint action is required for proper operation. To raise the electrical signal to a higher level and generate square wave pulses without any interference, electronic circuits must be used for processing. Encoder pg wiring and parameters: The connection method between the vector frequency converter and the encoder pg must correspond to the encoder pg model. Generally, encoder pg models are divided into three types: differential output, open-collector output, and push-pull output. The signal transmission method must consider the interface of the frequency converter pg card, so selecting an appropriate pg card model or setting it reasonably is necessary. Encoders are generally classified into incremental and absolute types, with the biggest difference being: in the case of incremental encoders, the position is determined by the number of pulses counted from the zero mark, while the position of absolute encoders is determined by the reading of the output code. Within one revolution, the reading of the output code for each position is unique; therefore, when power is disconnected, the absolute encoder does not lose track of the actual position. If power is restored, the position reading remains current and valid; unlike incremental encoders, there is no need to search for the zero mark. Encoder manufacturers produce comprehensive series, usually specialized, such as elevator-specific encoders, machine tool-specific encoders, servo motor-specific encoders, etc. Furthermore, encoders are intelligent, with various parallel interfaces for communication with other devices. An encoder is a device that converts angular or linear displacement into electrical signals. The former is called a code disk, and the latter a code scale. According to the reading method, encoders can be divided into contact and non-contact types. Contact types use brush output, where a brush contacts a conductive or insulating area to indicate whether the code status is "1" or "0"; non-contact types use photosensitive or magnetosensitive elements as receiving sensitive components. When using photosensitive elements, transparent and opaque areas indicate whether the code status is "1" or "0". According to working principles, encoders can be divided into incremental and absolute types. Incremental encoders convert displacement into periodic electrical signals, which are then converted into counting pulses, with the number of pulses representing the magnitude of displacement. Each position of an absolute encoder corresponds to a specific digital code, so its indication depends only on the starting and ending positions of the measurement, not on the intermediate process. Rotary incremental encoders output pulses during rotation, and their position is known through counting equipment. When the encoder is stationary or power is lost, the position is remembered by the internal memory of the counting equipment. Thus, after a power loss, the encoder must not move. During operation after power restoration, pulses must not be lost due to interference; otherwise, the zero point memorized by the counting equipment will shift, and the amount of this shift is unknown until incorrect production results appear. The solution is to add reference points. Each time the encoder passes a reference point, the reference position corrects the memory position of the counting equipment. Before the reference point, position accuracy cannot be guaranteed. Therefore, in industrial control, methods such as finding the reference point before each operation and homing at startup are used. Such encoders are determined by the mechanical position of the code disk and are unaffected by power loss or interference. Absolute encoders determine the uniqueness of each position by mechanical position, requiring no memory, no search for reference points, and no continuous counting. The position is read whenever needed. In this way,the anti-interference characteristics and data reliability of the encoder are greatly improved. Since absolute encoders are significantly superior to incremental encoders in positioning, they are increasingly used in industrial control positioning. Due to the high precision of absolute encoders and the large number of output bits, if parallel output is still used, every bit of the output signal must ensure good connection. For more complex conditions, isolation is also required, resulting in many cable cores, which brings inconvenience and reduces reliability. Therefore, for multi-bit output absolute encoders, serial output or bus-type output is generally selected. The most common serial output for German-produced absolute encoders is SSI (Synchronous Serial Interface). Multi-turn absolute encoders. Encoder manufacturers apply the principle of clock gear mechanics. When the central code disk rotates, another set of code disks (or multiple sets of gears and code disks) is driven via gear transmission. On the basis of single-turn encoding, turn-count encoding is added to expand the measurement range of the encoder. Such absolute encoders are called multi-turn absolute encoders. They are also determined by mechanical position, with unique and non-repeating codes for each position, requiring no memory. Another advantage of multi-turn encoders is that due to the large measurement range, there is often considerable margin in actual use. Thus, during installation, there is no need to struggle to find the zero point; a certain intermediate position can serve as the starting point, greatly simplifying installation and commissioning difficulties. Multi-turn absolute encoders have obvious advantages in length positioning and are increasingly used in industrial control positioning.

Kinetronic encoder applications

Textile machinery, irrigation machinery, papermaking and printing, water conservancy gates, robots and robotic arms, port lifting machinery, steel and metallurgical equipment, heavy machinery, precision measuring equipment, machine tools, food machinery, elevators, and other special equipment.

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