German IST encoder IST model IST price

IST encoders are devices that encode signals (such as bitstreams) or data, converting them into signal forms suitable for communication, transmission, and storage. Encoders convert angular displacement or linear displacement into electrical signals; the former is called a code disk, and the latter a code scale. According to the readout method, encoders can be divided into contact and non-contact types; according to operating principle, encoders can be divided into incremental and absolute types. Incremental encoders convert displacement into periodic electrical signals, which are then converted into counting pulses, with the number of pulses indicating the magnitude of displacement. Each position of an absolute encoder corresponds to a specific digital code, so its indication depends only on the start and end positions of the measurement, not on the intermediate process. The Encoder is a type of Sensor, mainly used to detect the speed, position, angle, distance, or count of mechanical motion. In addition to mechanical applications, many motor controls, such as servo motors, require encoders for the motor controller to perform commutation, speed, and position detection. Encoders can be classified as follows. Classification by code disk engraving method: 1) Incremental type: emits a pulse signal for each unit of angle rotated (some emit sine/cosine signals, which are then subdivided to chop out higher-frequency pulses), typically with A-phase, B-phase, or Z-phase output. The A-phase and B-phase outputs are pulses delayed by 1/4 of a cycle relative to each other; the direction of rotation can be distinguished based on the delay relationship, and 2x or 4x frequency multiplication can be achieved by using the rising and falling edges of the A-phase and B-phase signals. The Z-phase is a single-turn pulse, emitting one pulse per revolution. 2) Absolute type: for each reference angle within one revolution, it emits a unique binary value corresponding to that angle, allowing the recording and measurement of multiple positions via external revolution-counting devices. Classified by signal output type: voltage output, open-collector output, push-pull complementary output, and line-driver output. Classified by mechanical installation form: 1) Shafted type: shafted types can be further divided into clamping flange, synchronous flange, and servo mount types. 2) Hollow shaft type: hollow shaft types can be further divided into semi-hollow, fully hollow, and large-bore types. Classified by operating principle: optical, magnetic, and contact brush types.

IST Encoder Introduction

A detector that outputs angular data within one motor revolution to an external target. Absolute encoders can generally output 360 ° with 8 to 12 bits. Incremental encoders have a disadvantage: axis position is lost in the event of a power failure. However, for absolute encoders, axis position is not lost even if a power failure occurs. Various codes can be output, such as binary code and BCD code. Absolute encoders are more expensive, more precise, and larger than incremental encoders. Absolute encoders have many light channel tracks on the optical code disk. Each track is arranged sequentially with 2 lines, 4 lines, 8 lines, and 16 lines. At each position of the encoder, a unique 2-ary code (Gray code) is obtained by reading the light/dark state of each track, representing values from the zeroth power of 2 to the n-1th power of 2. The absolute encoder determines the code by mechanical position; it requires no memory, no reference point search, and no continuous counting. The position is read whenever needed. Absolute encoders have a measuring range and are suitable for use in certain special machine tools.

IST Encoder Operating Principle

It consists of an optical code disk with a central shaft, featuring concentric light and dark tracks. Photoelectric emission and reception devices read these tracks to obtain four sets of sine wave signals, combined into A, B, C, and D. Each sine wave has a phase difference of 90 degrees (relative to a full cycle of 360 degrees). By inverting the C and D signals and superimposing them on the A and B phases, signal stability is enhanced. Additionally, one Z-phase pulse is output per revolution to represent the zero-position reference. Since the A and B phases differ by 90 degrees, the direction of rotation (forward or reverse) can be determined by comparing whether the A phase leads or the B phase leads. The zero-position reference of the encoder can be obtained via the zero pulse. Code disk materials include glass, metal, and plastic. Glass code disks have very thin tracks deposited on glass, offering good thermal stability and high precision. Metal code disks use direct light/dark tracks, are not fragile, but have limited precision due to metal thickness, and their thermal stability is an order of magnitude worse than glass. Plastic code disks are economical with low cost, but have lower precision, thermal stability, and service life. Resolution—defined as the number of light or dark tracks provided per 360 degrees of rotation—is also called analysis gradation or simply referred to as the number of lines, typically ranging from 5 to 10000 lines per revolution.

IST Encoder Component Differences

From single-turn absolute encoders to multi-turn absolute encoders. For a single-turn absolute rotary encoder, the unique code is obtained by measuring the tracks of the optical code disk during rotation. When rotation exceeds 360 degrees, the code returns to the origin, which violates the principle of unique absolute encoding. Such encoding is only suitable for measurements within a rotation range of 360 degrees and is called a single-turn absolute encoder. To measure rotation beyond a 360-degree range, multi-turn absolute encoders are used. These encoders employ clock gear mechanics. As the central code disk rotates, it drives another set of code disks (or multiple gears and code disks) via gear transmission. This adds revolution counting to the single-turn code, expanding the measuring range. Such absolute encoders are called multi-turn absolute encoders. They also determine the code by mechanical position, ensuring each position code is unique and non-repeating without the need for memory. Another advantage of multi-turn encoders is their large measuring range, often providing ample margin. This eliminates the need to painstakingly find the zero point during installation; any intermediate position can serve as the starting point, greatly simplifying installation and commissioning.

Weidou Intelligent Technology professionally sells German IST rotary encoders, IST incremental encoders, IST absolute encoders, IST optical encoders, IST magnetic encoders, IST shafted encoders, IST hollow shaft encoders, IST contact brush encoders, IST angle encoders, IST linear encoders, IST digital encoders, IST wire-draw encoders, IST position encoders, IST hollow encoders, and IST spindle encoders. IST products are original imports from Germany. Customers are welcome to inquire and order.