German FSG encoder FSG model FSG price

FSG encoder is a sensor that converts the mechanical geometric displacement on the output shaft into pulses or digital quantities through photoelectric conversion. This is currently the most widely used sensor. Photoelectric encoders consist of a light source, a code disk, and photosensitive elements. The grating disk has several rectangular holes evenly distributed on a circular plate of a certain diameter. Since the photoelectric code disk is coaxial with the motor, when the motor rotates, the grating disk rotates at the same speed as the motor. The detection device, composed of electronic components such as light-emitting diodes, detects and outputs several pulse signals. By calculating the number of pulses output by the photoelectric encoder per second, the current speed of the motor can be reflected. In addition, to determine the direction of rotation, the code disk can also provide two pulse signals with a phase difference of 90º.

FSG encoder device requirements

1. Requirements for CNC machine tools regarding detection elements and position detection devices (1) Requirements for CNC machine tools regarding detection elements: Detection elements are important components of detection devices. Their main function is to detect displacement and speed and send feedback signals. The minimum displacement that a displacement detection system can measure is called resolution. Resolution depends not only on the detection element itself but also on the measurement circuit. The main requirements for CNC machine tools regarding detection elements are: (1) long service life, high reliability, and strong anti-interference ability; (2) meet precision and speed requirements; (3) easy to use and maintain, suitable for the machine tool operating environment; (4) low cost; (5) easy to connect to computers. Different types of CNC machine tools have different requirements for the precision and speed of the detection system. Usually, large CNC machine tools prioritize meeting speed requirements, while medium, small, and high-precision CNC machine tools prioritize meeting precision requirements. When selecting the resolution and pulse equivalent of the measurement system, it is generally required to be one order of magnitude higher than the machining precision. (2) Requirements for CNC machine tools regarding position detection devices: Position detection devices are an important part of the servo system of CNC machine tools. Their function is to detect displacement and speed, send feedback signals, and form closed-loop or semi-closed-loop control. The machining precision of CNC machine tools is mainly determined by the precision of the detection system. Different types of CNC machine tools have different requirements for the precision of position detection elements and detection systems, as well as the maximum moving speed of the measured components. The highest level of detection elements and systems is: when the maximum moving speed of the measured component is as high as 240m/min, the resolution of displacement detection (the minimum detectable displacement) can reach 1μm; for example, at 24m/min, it can reach 0.1μm. The highest resolution can reach 0.01μm. CNC machine tools have the following requirements for position detection devices: (1) minimal influence from temperature and humidity, reliable operation, long-term precision retention, and strong anti-interference ability. (2) meet precision and speed requirements within the moving range of the machine tool's executing components. (3) easy to use and maintain, adaptable to the machine tool working environment. (4) low cost. Introduction to spindle encoders 2. Classification of position detection devices: For different types of CNC machine tools, different detection methods can be adopted due to different working conditions and detection requirements. (1) Incremental and absolute measurement: Incremental detection methods only measure displacement increments and use the number of digital pulses to represent the quantity of unit displacement (i.e., the minimum setting unit). A measurement signal is issued for every movement of one measurement unit. Its advantage is that the detection device is relatively simple, and any midpoint can serve as the measurement starting point. However, in this system, the displacement is read by accumulating measurement signals. Once there is an accumulation error, all subsequent measurement results will be incorrect. Additionally, in the event of a fault (such as power loss), the correct position before the accident cannot be found. After the fault is cleared, the worktable must be moved to the starting point to recount in order to find the correct position before the accident. Pulse encoders, resolvers, induction synchronizers, gratings, magnetic scales, and laser interferometers are all incremental detection devices. Absolute measurement methods measure the absolute coordinate position value of the measured component in a certain absolute coordinate system and express it in binary or decimal digital signals. Generally, it needs to be converted into pulse digital signals before being sent for comparison and display. With this method, the higher the resolution requirement, the more complex the structure. Such measurement devices include absolute pulse encoding disks and three-speed absolute encoding disks (also known as multi-turn absolute encoding disks). (2) Digital and analog measurement: Digital detection quantifies the measured unit and expresses it in digital form. The measurement signal is usually an electrical pulse, which can be directly sent to the CNC system for comparison and processing. Such detection devices include pulse encoders and gratings. Digital detection has the following 3 characteristics. (1) The measured quantity is converted into the number of pulses, facilitating display and processing; (2) Measurement precision depends on the measurement unit and is basically independent of the range; however, cumulative code errors exist; (3) The detection device is relatively simple, and pulse signals have strong anti-interference ability. Analog detection represents the measured quantity using continuous variables, such as changes in voltage amplitude and phase changes. Precise analog detection over a large range imposes high technical requirements. In CNC machine tools, analog detection is mainly used for small-range measurements. Analog detection devices include tachogenerators, resolvers, induction synchronizers, and magnetic rulers. The main characteristics of analog detection are as follows. (1) Direct detection of the measured quantity without quantization. (2) High-precision measurement can be achieved within a small range. (3) Capable of direct and indirect detection. Position detection devices installed on executing components (i.e., end components) to directly measure the linear or angular displacement of the end components of the executing parts are called direct measurement, which can form a closed-loop feed servo system.Measurement methods include linear gratings, linear induction synchronizers, magnetic scales, and laser interferometers to measure the linear displacement of executing components. Since this detection method uses linear detection devices to measure the linear displacement of the machine tool, its advantage is that it directly reflects the linear displacement of the worktable. The disadvantage is that the detection device must be as long as the travel distance, which is a significant limitation for large machine tools. Position detection devices installed on transmission elements or drive motor shafts in front of the executing components measure their angular displacement. The linear displacement of the executing components is obtained after transformation through the transmission ratio. This is called indirect measurement, which can form a semi-closed-loop servo feed system. For example, installing a pulse encoder on the motor shaft. Indirect measurement is reliable and convenient to use, with no length limitations. Its disadvantage is that the transmission chain error from converting linear motion to rotary motion is added to the detection signal, thereby affecting measurement precision. Generally, compensation for the machine tool's transmission error is required to improve positioning precision. In addition to the above position detection devices, servo systems often include speed detection elements to detect and adjust the engine speed. The commonly used speed detection element is the tachogenerator.

FSG encoder selection precautions

1) Standard outer shapes of absolute encoders: 38MM, 58MM, 66MM, 80MM.100MM.2) Absolute encoders are divided into: single-turn and multi-turn. 3) Bus encoders are divided by principle into: secondary absolute encoders and optical absolute encoders. 4) Bus encoder cable exit methods are divided into: side exit and rear exit. 5) Bus encoder shafts are divided into: 6MM, 8MM, 10MM, 12MM, 14MM, 25MM. 6) Bus encoders are divided into: shaft, blind hole, and through hole. 7) Bus encoder protection ratings are divided into: IP54-68. 8) Bus encoder installation methods are divided into: clamping flange, synchronous flange, clamping band with synchronous flange, blind hole (spring leaf, clamping), and through hole (spring leaf, key pin). 9) Absolute encoder precision is divided into: single-turn precision and multi-turn precision, which together constitute the total precision, i.e., the usual number of bits (conventional 24 is, 25 is, 30 bits, 32 bits). 10) Absolute encoder communication protocol baud rate: 4800~115200 bit/s, default is 9600 bit/s. Refresh cycle is approximately 1.5ms Eleven. Encoder output options: SSI, 4-20MA, profibus-dp, DEVicenet, parallel, binary code, BESM58, BiSS, ISI, CANopen, Endat, and Hiperface, etc.

FSG encoder troubleshooting

Encoder internal fault: Refers to faults in the encoder's own components, causing it to fail to generate and output correct waveforms. In this case, the encoder needs to be replaced or its internal components repaired. Encoder connection cable fault: This fault has the highest probability of occurrence and is frequently encountered during maintenance, so it should be the primary consideration. It is usually caused by open circuits, short circuits, or poor contact in the encoder cable. In this case, the cable or connector needs to be replaced. Special attention should be paid to whether loose cable fixation causes loosening, leading to open solder joints or open circuits. In this case, the cable needs to be clamped tightly. Encoder + 5V power supply drop: Refers to the + 5V power supply being too low, typically not lower than 4.75V. The cause of the low voltage is usually a power supply fault or excessive resistance in the power transmission cable causing loss. In this case, the power supply needs to be repaired or the cable replaced. Absolute encoder battery voltage drop: This fault usually has a clear alarm meaning. In this case, the battery needs to be replaced. If the reference point position memory is lost, the return-to-reference-point operation must be performed. Encoder cable shield wire not connected or detached: This will introduce interference signals, making the waveform unstable and affecting communication accuracy. Reliable welding and grounding of the shield wire must be ensured. Loose encoder installation: This fault will affect position control precision, causing excessive position deviation during stopping and moving, or even triggering a servo system overload alarm immediately upon startup. Please pay special attention. Grating contamination: This will cause a decrease in signal output amplitude. Oil stains must be gently wiped off with degreasing cotton soaked in anhydrous alcohol.

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