German Baumer IVO encoder, Baumer IVO model, Baumer IVO price

Baumer IVO encoders are devices that encode signals (such as bitstreams) or data into signal forms suitable for communication, transmission, and storage. Encoders convert angular displacement or linear displacement into electrical signals; the former is called a code disk, and the latter a code scale. According to the readout method, encoders can be divided into contact and non-contact types; according to the working principle, encoders can be divided into incremental and absolute types. Incremental encoders convert displacement into periodic electrical signals, which are then converted into counting pulses, using the number of pulses to represent the magnitude of displacement. Each position of an absolute encoder corresponds to a specific digital code, so its indication depends only on the start and end positions of the measurement, not on the intermediate process. The Encoder belongs to the category of sensors (Sensor), mainly used to detect the speed, position, angle, distance, or count of mechanical motion. In addition to mechanical applications, many motor controls, such as servo motors, require encoders for the motor controller to perform commutation, speed, and position detection. Encoders can be classified in the following ways. Classification by code disk perforation method: 1) Incremental type: emits a pulse signal for every unit angle of rotation (some emit sine/cosine signals, which are then subdivided to chop out higher-frequency pulses), typically with A-phase, B-phase, or Z-phase output. The A-phase and B-phase outputs are pulses delayed by 1/4 of a cycle relative to each other; the direction of rotation can be distinguished based on the delay relationship, and 2x or 4x frequency multiplication can be achieved by using the rising and falling edges of the A-phase and B-phase signals. The Z-phase is a single-turn pulse, emitting one pulse per revolution. 2) Absolute type: for each reference angle within one revolution, a unique binary value corresponding to that angle is emitted, allowing the recording and measurement of multiple positions via external revolution-counting devices. Classified by signal output type: voltage output, open-collector output, push-pull complementary output, and line-driver output. Classified by mechanical mounting form of the encoder: 1) Shaft type: shaft types can be further divided into clamping flange, synchronous flange, and servo mount types. 2) Hollow shaft type: hollow shaft types can be further divided into semi-hollow, fully hollow, and large-bore types. Based on working principle, encoders can be divided into optical, magnetic, and contact brush types.

Baumer IVO encoder installation and usage

Mechanical installation and usage of absolute rotary encoders: Mechanical installation of absolute rotary encoders includes high-speed end mounting, low-speed end mounting, and auxiliary mechanical device mounting. High-speed end mounting: installed at the drive motor shaft end (or gear connection). The advantage of this method is high resolution. Since multi-turn encoders have 4096 turns, if the motor's number of rotations falls within this range, the full range can be utilized to improve resolution. The disadvantage is that when the moving object passes through reduction gears, there is gear backlash error during forward and reverse travel. It is generally used for unidirectional high-precision control positioning, such as roll gap control in steel rolling. Additionally, if the encoder is directly mounted on the high-speed end, motor vibration must be minimal; otherwise, the encoder is prone to damage. Low-speed end mounting: installed after the reduction gear, such as at the shaft end of a hoist wire rope drum or the last stage of the reduction gear shaft. This method eliminates gear backlash, provides more direct measurement, and offers higher accuracy. This method is generally used for long-distance positioning measurements, such as in various lifting equipment and feed cart positioning. Auxiliary mechanical installation: common methods include rack and pinion, chain and belt, friction wheels, and rope reeling mechanisms.

Main functions of Baumer IVO encoders

It is a rotary sensor that converts rotary displacement into a series of digital pulse signals. These pulses can be used to control angular displacement. If the encoder is combined with a rack and pinion or a lead screw, it can also be used to measure linear displacement. After the encoder generates electrical signals, they are processed by numerical control devices CNC, programmable logic controllers PLC, control systems, etc. These sensors are mainly applied in the following areas: machine tools, material processing, motor feedback systems, and measurement and control equipment. In ELTRA encoders, the conversion of angular displacement adopts the principle of photoelectric scanning. The reading system is based on the rotation of a radial code disk, which consists of alternating transparent and opaque windows. The entire system uses an infrared light source for vertical illumination, projecting the image on the disk onto the surface of a receiver. The receiver is covered with a grating, called a collimator, which has windows identical to those on the code disk. The receiver's function is to sense the light changes generated by the disk's rotation and convert these light changes into corresponding electrical changes. Generally, a rotary encoder can also obtain a speed signal, which is fed back to the frequency converter to adjust its output data. Fault phenomenon: 1. When the rotary encoder fails (no output), the frequency converter cannot operate normally, running very slowly, and the frequency converter protection trips after a while, displaying "PG disconnected"... Joint action is required for proper operation. To raise the electrical signal to a higher level and generate square wave pulses without interference, electronic circuits must be used for processing. Encoder pg wiring and parameters: The connection method between the vector frequency converter and the encoder pg must correspond to the encoder pg model. Generally, encoder pg models are divided into differential output, open-collector output, and push-pull output. The signal transmission method must consider the interface of the frequency converter's pg card, so selecting an appropriate pg card model or setting it reasonably is essential. Encoders are generally divided into incremental and absolute types, with the biggest difference being: in the case of incremental encoders, the position is determined by the number of pulses counted from the zero mark, whereas the position of an absolute encoder is determined by the reading of the output code. Within one revolution, the reading of the output code for each position is unique; therefore, when power is disconnected, the absolute encoder does not lose track of the actual position. If power is restored, the position reading remains current and valid; unlike incremental encoders, there is no need to search for the zero mark. Encoder manufacturers produce comprehensive series, usually specialized, such as elevator-specific encoders, machine tool-specific encoders, and servo motor-specific encoders. Furthermore, encoders are intelligent, with various parallel interfaces for communication with other devices. An encoder is a device that converts angular displacement or linear displacement into electrical signals. The former is called a code disk, and the latter a code scale. According to the readout method, encoders can be divided into contact and non-contact types. Contact types use brush output, where a brush contacts a conductive or insulating area to indicate whether the code status is "1" or "0". Non-contact types use photosensitive or magnetosensitive elements as receiving sensitive components. When using photosensitive elements, transparent and opaque areas indicate whether the code status is "1" or "0". According to the working principle, encoders can be divided into incremental and absolute types. Incremental encoders convert displacement into periodic electrical signals, which are then converted into counting pulses, using the number of pulses to represent the magnitude of displacement. Each position of an absolute encoder corresponds to a specific digital code, so its indication depends only on the start and end positions of the measurement, not on the intermediate process. Rotary incremental encoders output pulses during rotation, and their position is known through counting equipment. When the encoder is stationary or power is lost, the position is remembered by the internal memory of the counting equipment. Thus, after a power loss, the encoder must not move. During operation after power restoration, pulses must not be lost due to interference; otherwise, the zero point memorized by the counting equipment will shift. The amount of this shift is unknown and can only be detected after erroneous production results occur. The solution is to add a reference point. Every time the encoder passes the reference point, the reference position corrects the memorized position in the counting equipment. Before the reference point, position accuracy cannot be guaranteed. Therefore, in industrial control, methods such as finding the reference point before each operation or homing at startup are used. Such encoders are determined by the mechanical position of the code disk and are unaffected by power loss or interference. Absolute encoders determine the uniqueness of each position by mechanical location. They require no memory, no search for a reference point, and no continuous counting. The position is read whenever it is needed. In this way,the anti-interference characteristics and data reliability of the encoder are greatly improved. Since absolute encoders are significantly superior to incremental encoders in positioning, they are increasingly used in industrial control positioning. Due to the high precision and large number of output bits of absolute encoders, if parallel output is still used, every bit of the output signal must ensure a good connection. For more complex conditions, isolation is also required. The large number of cable cores brings much inconvenience and reduces reliability. Therefore, for multi-bit output absolute encoders, serial output or bus-type output is generally selected. The most common serial output for German-produced absolute encoders is SSI (Synchronous Serial Interface). Multi-turn absolute encoders. Encoder manufacturers use the principle of clock gear mechanics. When the central code disk rotates, another set of code disks (or multiple sets of gears and code disks) is driven via gear transmission. On the basis of single-turn encoding, revolution encoding is added to expand the measurement range of the encoder. Such absolute encoders are called multi-turn absolute encoders. They are also determined by mechanical position, with unique and non-repeating codes for each position, requiring no memory. Another advantage of multi-turn encoders is that due to the large measurement range, there is often considerable margin in actual use. Thus, during installation, there is no need to struggle to find the zero point; a certain intermediate position can be used as the starting point, greatly simplifying the difficulty of installation and commissioning. Multi-turn absolute encoders have obvious advantages in length positioning and are increasingly used in industrial control positioning.

Notes on Baumer IVO encoder selection

1) Mechanical installation dimensions: including locating spigot, shaft diameter, mounting hole positions; cable exit method; installation space volume; whether the environmental protection rating meets requirements. 2) Resolution: i.e., the number of pulses output per revolution when the encoder is operating, and whether it meets the design accuracy requirements. 3) Electrical interface: Common encoder output methods include push-pull output (F type HTL format), voltage output (E), open collector (C, commonly C is NPN type transistor output, C2 is PNP type transistor output), and line driver output. The output method should match the interface circuit of its control system.

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