German B & R encoders, B & R models, B & R prices

B & R encoder is a sensor that converts mechanical geometric displacement on the output shaft into pulses or digital quantities through photoelectric conversion. It is currently the most widely used sensor. Photoelectric encoders consist of a light source, a code disk, and photosensitive elements. The grating disk has several rectangular openings evenly distributed on a circular plate of a certain diameter. Since the photoelectric code disk is coaxial with the motor, when the motor rotates, the grating disk rotates at the same speed as the motor. A detection device composed of electronic components such as light-emitting diodes detects and outputs several pulse signals. By calculating the number of pulses output by the photoelectric encoder per second, the current speed of the motor can be reflected. In addition, to determine the direction of rotation, the code disk can also provide two pulse signals with a phase difference of 90º.

B & R encoder principle

Photoelectric encoders are sensors that utilize the principle of grating diffraction to achieve displacement-to-digital conversion, converting mechanical geometric displacement on the output shaft into pulse digital quantities through photoelectric conversion. Common photoelectric encoders consist of a grating disk, a light-emitting element, and a photosensitive element. The grating is actually a circular disk engraved with regular transparent and opaque lines. The luminous flux received by the photosensitive element changes synchronously with the transparent lines. The waveform output by the photosensitive element is shaped into pulse signals, outputting one pulse per revolution. Based on the pulse changes, equipment displacement can be precisely measured and controlled. Incremental encoders directly utilize the photoelectric conversion principle to output three sets of square wave pulses: A, B, and Z phases; the A and B pulse groups have a phase difference of 90º, allowing easy determination of the rotation direction, while the Z phase outputs one pulse per revolution for reference point positioning. Its advantages include simple structural design, a mechanical average life of tens of thousands of hours or more, strong anti-interference capability, high reliability, and suitability for long-distance transmission. Its disadvantage is the inability to output absolute position information of the shaft rotation.

B & R encoder categories

An absolute encoder is a sensor that directly outputs digital signals. Its circular code disk has several concentric code tracks arranged radially. Each track consists of alternating transparent and opaque N sectors. The number of sectors in adjacent tracks follows a double relationship. The number of code tracks on the disk corresponds to the number of bits in its binary code. A light source is located on one side of the disk, and a photosensitive element is positioned on the other side for each code track. When the disk is at different positions, each photosensitive element converts the presence or absence of light into corresponding level signals, forming a binary number. This type of encoder does not require a counter; a fixed digital code corresponding to the position can be read at any position of the rotating shaft. Obviously, the more code tracks there are, the higher the resolution. For an encoder with N-bit binary resolution, its code disk must have N code tracks. Absolute encoders use natural binary or cyclic binary (Gray code) methods for photoelectric conversion. The difference between absolute encoders and incremental encoders lies in the transparent and opaque line patterns on the disk. Absolute encoders can have several coding schemes, detecting absolute position by reading the code on the disk. Coding designs can adopt binary code, cyclic code, two's complement binary, etc. Its features are: 1.2.1 the absolute value of the angular coordinate can be read directly; 1.2.2 there is no cumulative error; 1.2.3 position information is not lost after power cutoff. However, resolution is determined by the number of binary bits, meaning accuracy depends on the number of bits. Currently, there are various types such as 10-bit and 14-bit.

B & R encoder hybrid type

Hybrid absolute value encoders output two sets of information: one set is used to detect magnetic pole position and carries absolute information functionality; the other set is completely identical to the output information of incremental encoders. Photoelectric encoders are angle (angular velocity) detection devices. They convert the angle input to the shaft into corresponding electrical pulses or digital quantities using the photoelectric conversion principle. They offer advantages such as compact size, high precision, reliable operation, and digital interfaces. They are widely used in devices and equipment requiring angle detection, such as CNC machine tools, rotary tables, servo drives, robots, radar, and military target measurement.

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