German wenzel springs wenzel models wenzel prices

wenzel spring is a new type of elastic component that uses high-pressure nitrogen as the working medium. It features compact size, high spring force, long stroke, smooth operation, precision manufacturing, long service life (one million cycles), flat force curve, and no need for pre-loading. It performs tasks that conventional elastic components such as metal springs, rubber, and air cushions struggle to accomplish, simplifies mold design and manufacturing, facilitates mold installation and adjustment, extends mold service life, ensures stable product quality, and can be designed as a nitrogen spring system to operate as part of the mold, enabling convenient realization of constant pressure and delayed action within the system. It is a new generation of ideal elastic components with flexible performance.

wenzel spring classification

1) Based on different load characteristics during operation, helical springs can be divided into compression, extension, and torsion types; 2) Based on structural features, they can be divided into two main categories: cylindrical helical springs and variable-diameter helical springs; variable-diameter helical springs mainly bear compression loads; 3) Based on shape features, they can be divided into conical, volute, concave, and convex shapes. 4) In terms of production and use, helical springs can also be divided into large helical springs and small helical springs based on forming methods and wire diameter; the former are usually hot-formed, while the latter are cold-formed. 5) Other classifications: There are many types of helical springs. By external shape, they can be divided into ordinary cylindrical helical springs and variable-diameter helical springs. By helix direction, they can be divided into left-hand springs and right-hand springs. Variable-diameter helical springs include conical helical springs, volute helical springs, and concave helical springs. Cylindrical helical springs have a simple structure, are easy to manufacture, and are widely used. Their characteristic line is linear, and they can serve as compression springs, extension springs, and torsion springs. When the load is large and radial dimensions are limited, two compression springs with different diameters can be nested together to form a combination spring.

wenzel spring measures to control springback

1) Select materials with good bending performance: Using materials with a low yield limit and a high elastic modulus as bending parts can achieve higher bending quality. In addition, the magnitude of thickness tolerance of the blank, the quality of the surface finish, and the flatness all have a significant impact on bending springback. For workpieces with high bending accuracy requirements, the quality of the blank in these aspects should also be screened. 2) Select a smaller relative bending radius: A small r/t value indicates a large degree of deformation. Generally, when r/t ≤ 3-5, it is considered that the bending zone of the sheet metal has fully entered the plastic state. A smaller bending radius is beneficial for reducing springback, but an excessively small bending radius may cause cracking in the bending zone. The minimum bending radius for materials provided in references is mainly empirical data, which can serve as a reference for sheet metal designers when designing the bending radius of workpieces. 3) Select the required die clearance: For V type bending, the clearance value is achieved by high-speed machine tools and is independent of the die itself. For U type bending, springback decreases as the depth of the die opening increases, and springback decreases as the die clearance decreases. For workpieces with high bending accuracy, the single-side bending clearance can be set to Z = t; if higher bending accuracy is required, adopting bending with slight thinning is more effective in reducing springback. Because zero-clearance or negative-clearance bending can change the stress state of the sheet metal, transforming ordinary bending into bending with tensile-bending characteristics, creating a compressive stress state on the inner side of the neutral layer of the blank, so that the entire cross-section of the blank is in a tensile stress state in the tangential direction. After unloading, the springback of the inner and outer fibers cancels each other out, thereby reducing springback (Figure 4). Therefore, adopting tensile bending processes and dies with adjustable clearance is very beneficial for controlling springback. 4) Design reasonable workpiece shapes: U type bent parts have less springback than V type parts. Complex workpiece shapes involve many mutual constraints between parts, making springback difficult to control. Therefore, ? type has less springback than U type. If suitable stiffening ribs are pressed at the bending area, the springback will be even smaller. Therefore, flanging or hemming treatment of bent parts can not only improve stiffness but also reduce springback. 5) Adopt appropriate microstructural states: Materials after cold working hardening have large bending springback. For bent parts with high accuracy requirements where the blank has cold working hardening, annealing treatment should be performed before bending. Where necessary and permissible, heating bending should be adopted for workpieces with thicker blanks to eliminate springback. The springback angle of calibration bending is significantly smaller than that of free bending, and the greater the calibration force, the smaller the springback. 6) Calibrate the shape of the bending punch: This is because the calibration bending force concentrates the punching force in the bending deformation zone, forcing the inner layer of the metal to be compressed. After the sheet metal is calibrated, both the inner and outer fibers are elongated and will shorten after unloading. Since the springback trends of the inner and outer layers are opposite, the amount of springback will be reduced, thereby achieving the goal of overcoming or reducing springback. Therefore, calibration bending is a bending method similar in nature to tensile bending, and its application range appears to be broader. Generally, the shape shown in Figure 5 is mostly adopted for the punch in calibration bending.

wenzel spring precautions

Due to product structure limitations, multi-strand springs generally feature high strength and good performance. The material must guarantee final performance in terms of spring strength and toughness. During the processing of multi-strand springs, note the following: 1 Supporting coils can be closed using either cold or hot closing methods according to product requirements. When using hot closing, the spring must not be heated to the point of sparking or whitening; the temperature for silicon-manganese steel must not exceed 850℃. The supporting coils and active coils must have effective contact, and the gap must not exceed 10% of the nominal inter-coil gap. 2 The characteristics of multi-strand springs can be determined by adjusting the lead; the pitch can be adjusted as necessary during winding. The pitch can be taken as 3~14 times the wire diameter, but generally 8~13 times is preferred. The spring force is also closely related to free height, closed ends, outer diameter, and wire properties, and can be changed by adjusting one or several of these parameters. 3 Springs without supporting coils and springs with excessively fine wire diameters should not have welded ends, but the end strands should not be obviously loose and burrs should be removed. For multi-strand springs requiring welded heads, the length of the welded part should be less than 3 times the strand diameter (maximum not exceeding 10 mm). The heating length should be less than one coil, and it should be ground smooth after welding. During gas welding, the welded part should undergo local low-temperature annealing. 4 Surface treatment of springs generally involves phosphating, but other treatments are also possible. For springs to be plated with zinc or cadmium, hydrogen embrittlement relief treatment must be performed after electroplating. After hydrogen relief, perform a standing test on 3% (no fewer than 3 pieces); no fractures should occur during retesting. Springs should be cleaned of surface dirt, salt marks, and oxide scale, using methods such as sandblasting or gasoline cleaning, but acid pickling must not be used. 5 The presetting time for important springs is 24 hours, and for ordinary springs, it is 6 hours or continuous compression 3~5 times, holding for 3~5 seconds each time. During presetting, the clearance between the spring and the mandrel should be 10% of the mandrel diameter; too small a clearance makes operation difficult, while too large a clearance easily causes bending deformation of the spring. If one spring breaks during presetting, the others should be reprocessed.

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