German Sugino springs, Sugino models, Sugino prices

Sugino springs are helical springs that withstand axial tensile forces. Extension springs are generally manufactured from materials with a circular cross-section. When not under load, the coils of an extension spring are typically close-wound with no gaps. Many different terminal devices or "hooks" are used to ensure the source of tensile force for the extension spring. The working principle of extension springs is opposite to that of compression springs. Compression springs exert a reactive force when compressed, while extension springs exert a reactive force when extended or pulled apart. When the two ends of an extension spring are pulled apart, the spring attempts to pull them back together. Like compression springs, extension springs also absorb and store energy. However, unlike compression springs, most extension springs are usually under a certain degree of initial tension, even when there is no external load. This initial tension determines how tightly the extension spring is coiled when there is no load.

Sugino Spring Classification

1) Based on the characteristics of the load during operation, helical springs can be divided into three types: compression, extension, and torsion; 2) Based on structural characteristics, they can be divided into two main categories: cylindrical helical springs and variable-diameter helical springs; variable-diameter helical springs mainly withstand compressive loads; 3) Based on shape characteristics, they can be divided into conical, volute, concave, and convex shapes. 4) In terms of production and usage, helical springs can also be divided into two categories based on forming methods and material diameter: large helical springs and small helical springs; the former are typically hot-formed, while the latter are cold-formed. 5) Other classifications: There are many types of helical springs. By appearance, they can be divided into: ordinary cylindrical helical springs; variable-diameter helical springs. By the direction of the helix, they can be divided into: left-hand springs; right-hand springs. Variable-diameter helical springs are divided into: conical helical springs, volute helical springs, and concave helical springs. Cylindrical helical springs have a simple structure, are easy to manufacture, and are the most widely used. Their characteristic curve is linear, and they can serve as compression springs, extension springs, and torsion springs. When the load is large and radial dimensions are limited, two compression springs with different diameters can be nested together to form a combination spring.

Sugino Spring Measures to Control Springback

1) Select materials with good bending performance: Using materials with a low yield limit and high elastic modulus as bending parts can achieve higher bending quality. In addition, the magnitude of thickness tolerance of the blank, the surface quality, and the flatness have a significant impact on bending springback. For workpieces with high bending accuracy requirements, the quality of the blank in these aspects should also be screened. 2) Select a smaller relative bending radius: A small r/t value indicates a large degree of deformation. Generally, when r/t ≤ 3-5, it is considered that the bending zone of the sheet metal has fully entered the plastic state. A smaller bending radius is beneficial for reducing springback, but an excessively small bending radius may cause cracking in the bending zone. The minimum bending radius of materials provided in references is mainly empirical data, which can serve as a reference for sheet metal designers when designing the bending radius of workpieces. 3) Select the required die clearance: For V type bending, the clearance value is achieved by high-speed machine tools and is independent of the die itself. For U type bending, springback decreases as the depth of the die opening increases, and springback decreases as the die clearance decreases. For workpieces with high bending accuracy, the single-side bending clearance can be taken as Z = t; if higher bending accuracy is required, adopting bending with slight thinning is more effective in reducing springback. Because zero-clearance or negative-clearance bending can change the stress state of the sheet metal, transforming ordinary bending into bending with tensile-bending characteristics, creating a compressive stress state on the inner side of the neutral layer of the blank, so that the entire cross-section of the blank is in a tensile stress state in the tangential direction. After unloading, the springback of the inner and outer fibers cancels each other out, thereby reducing springback (Figure 4). Therefore, adopting tensile bending processes and dies with adjustable clearance is very beneficial for controlling springback. 4) Design reasonable workpiece shapes: U type bent parts have less springback than V type parts. Complex workpiece shapes involve more mutual constraints between parts, making springback difficult to control. Therefore, ? type has less springback than U type. If suitable stiffening ribs are pressed at the bending area, the springback will be even smaller. Therefore, flanging or hemming treatment of bent parts can not only improve rigidity but also reduce springback. 5) Adopt appropriate microstructural states: Materials after cold working hardening have large bending springback. For bent parts with high accuracy requirements, if the blank has cold working hardening, it should be annealed before bending. Where necessary and permissible, heating bending should be adopted for workpieces with thicker blanks to eliminate springback. The springback angle of calibration bending is significantly smaller than that of free bending, and the greater the calibration force, the smaller the springback. 6) Calibrate the shape of the bending punch: This is because the calibration bending force concentrates the punching force in the bending deformation zone, forcing the inner layer of the metal to be compressed. After the sheet metal is calibrated, both the inner and outer fibers are elongated and will shorten after unloading. Since the springback trends of the inner and outer layers are opposite, the amount of springback will be reduced, thereby achieving the goal of overcoming or reducing springback. Therefore, calibration bending is a bending method similar in nature to tensile bending, and its application range is broader. Generally, the shape shown in Figure 5 is often used for the punch in calibration bending.

Sugino Spring Applications

To a large extent, disc springs are replacing cylindrical helical springs. They are commonly used in heavy machinery (such as presses) and weapons such as artillery and aircraft as powerful buffer and vibration-damping springs, as clamping springs for automobile and tractor clutches and safety valves, and as energy storage elements for mobile equipment. Disadvantage: Load deviation is difficult to guarantee. Disc springs can be divided into three categories based on cross-sectional shape: ordinary disc springs (with a rectangular cross-section), disc springs with radial grooves, and trapezoidal cross-section disc springs. Ordinary disc springs are divided into two types: with support surface and without support surface. Disc springs with radial grooves are based on ordinary disc springs, with several uniformly distributed slots cut radially. The slots can be cut from the inner hole towards the outer circle, or from the outer circle towards the inner hole. Trapezoidal cross-section disc springs can be divided into two types: those with inner edge thickness greater than outer edge thickness, and those with inner edge thickness less than outer edge thickness. Since the deformation and load values of a single disc spring often cannot meet usage requirements, they can be used in groups to form disc spring assemblies (columns). Typical combination methods include: stacked combination disc springs, composite combination disc springs, and other combination disc springs. Compared with cylindrical helical springs, disc springs have the following characteristics: 1) The load-deformation characteristic curve exhibits a nonlinear relationship. 2) Disc springs are thin and easy to form into assemblies, allowing for modular assembly and replacement, thus facilitating maintenance. 3) Disc springs with radial slots have zero-stiffness characteristics. This characteristic can be applied in situations where the spring force is required to remain basically stable within a certain deformation range. 4) The vibration absorption performance of disc springs is no lower than that of cylindrical helical springs. When using stacked combinations, the friction between disc spring plates provides significant damping, dissipating impact energy.

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