German max federn springs max federn models max federn prices

max federn springs are a special type of extension spring, suitable for applications with large elongation and constant load. Constant-force springs consist of spirally wound metal strips; the inner side of the strip is curved so that each turn wraps tightly around the preceding one. When the metal strip is extended (twisted), internal stress resists the load force, similar to ordinary extension springs, but the spring rate remains nearly constant (zero). See the load/torsion diagram. In use, an ID is typically used to wind this spring tightly onto a drum, with its free end connected to the load, acting like a counterweight. Alternatively, the free end can be fixed while the spring itself provides the working force, similar to carbon brushes in electrical devices.

max federn spring applications

Extension springs, also known as helical extension springs, generally have uniform pitch and circular cross-sections. They can be used in many scenarios, such as production assembly, testing, R&D, and maintenance. Extension springs hold an important position in the global market and are widely applied in national defense, marine, computer, electronics, automotive, mold, medical, biochemical, aerospace, railway, nuclear power, wind power, thermal power, construction machinery, mining machinery, building machinery, elevators, and other fields.

max federn spring structure and principle

A torsion bar spring is itself a torsion bar made of spring steel. The cross-section of the torsion bar is usually circular, with fewer instances being tubular or rectangular. The ends can be shaped as splines, square, hexagonal, or cylindrical with flats, allowing one end to be fixed to the vehicle frame and the other to the suspension arm, which connects to the wheel. One end of the torsion bar spring is fixed to the frame, and the other connects to the wheel via the suspension arm. When the wheel encounters an obstacle and moves upward, it drives the suspension arm to rotate around the torsion bar axis by a certain angle, causing torsional deformation (elastic deformation) of the bar. The elastic energy stored in this torsional deformation is released when the wheel leaves the obstacle, allowing the force transmission mechanism and wheel to return quickly to their original positions. During manufacturing, the torsion bar is pre-twisted to create permanent deformation and introduce prestress. The direction of this pre-torsion matches the working torsion direction when installed on the vehicle, aiming to reduce actual stress during operation and extend service life. Note that left and right torsion bars are not interchangeable.

max federn spring features

Suspensions using torsion bar springs are lighter in weight, simpler in structure, and require no lubrication. Vehicle height can be easily adjusted automatically by changing the installation angle of the torsion bar spring's fixed end. Torsion bar springs store more elastic energy per unit volume and have lower mass compared to helical springs, offering a compact structure that is easy to arrange. They are commonly used in off-road vehicles, light passenger cars, and trucks. Based on cross-sectional shape, torsion bar springs are classified into circular, tubular, and leaf types. Solid circular torsion bars have a simple structure and are the most widely used. To facilitate assembly, the ends are machined with splines, hexagons, squares, etc. Due to the smaller size of spline heads, spline connections are frequently used. Generally, the major diameter of the spline is 1.2 to 1.3 times the working diameter of the torsion bar, and the spline length is approximately 1.4 times the major diameter. Provided the crushing stress on the spline teeth remains within permissible limits, the spline teeth should not be excessively long. Torsion bar springs typically use involute splines according to GB3478. The JSB2705 standard recommends a standard pressure angle of 45° for splines, with modules of 1mm and 0.75mm. To facilitate assembly, some torsion bar springs have unequal diameters at both ends or include a blind tooth on the spline teeth at both ends.

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