German lee spring spring lee spring model lee spring price

lee spring springs are helical springs that withstand compressive forces. The cross-section of the material used is mostly circular, but rectangular sections and multi-strand steel wires are also used. The springs generally have equal pitch. The shapes of compression springs include: cylindrical, conical, convex, concave, and a small number of non-circular shapes. There is a certain gap between the coils of the compression spring. When subjected to external loads, the spring contracts and deforms, storing strain energy. Compression springs provide resistance to external compressive loads. Compression springs utilize multiple open coils to provide resistance to external loads (such as gravity pressing down on wheels, or body weight pressing on a mattress). That is, they push back to resist external pressure. Compression springs are generally wound with metal wire at equal pitch and have a fixed wire diameter. In addition, there are conical compression springs, or springs combining conical and straight sections. Depending on the application area, compression springs can be used to resist pressure and/or store energy. Round wire is the most commonly used for compression springs, but compression springs are also made from square, rectangular, and specially shaped wire.

lee spring spring mechanical principles

Ring springs are composed of outer rings with inner conical surfaces and inner rings with outer conical surfaces fitted together. The number of outer ring pairs is determined by the magnitude of the load and the deformation requirements. Ring springs are commonly used in applications where space is limited but strong buffering is required. A ring spring consists of many inner and outer ring pairs; if damaged or worn, it is not necessary to replace all of them, only the individual discarded rings need to be replaced, making repair easier and more economical. Due to the high friction on the contact surfaces when the outer and inner rings slide relative to each other along the mating cones, the axial force is balanced by surface pressure and friction during loading. Therefore, the effect of the axial load is reduced, which is equivalent to increasing the spring stiffness. During unloading, friction hinders the recovery of the spring's elastic deformation, thus reducing the spring force. The characteristic curve of a ring spring in one loading and unloading cycle is OABO; without the effect of friction, it would be OC. During unloading, the characteristic curve starts from point B, rather than from point E, due to the reduction caused by spring elastic hysteresis. Ring spring: A spring composed of alternating stacked washer-like spring steel rings with inner conical and outer cylindrical surfaces, and washer-like spring steel rings with inner cylindrical and outer conical surfaces. The number of inner and outer ring pairs of the ring spring is determined by the magnitude of the load it bears and the deformation requirements.

lee spring spring measures to control springback

1) Select materials with good bending performance: Using materials with a low yield limit and high elastic modulus as bending parts can achieve higher bending quality. In addition, the thickness tolerance of the blank, the quality of the surface finish, and the flatness have a significant impact on bending springback. For workpieces with high bending accuracy requirements, the quality of the blank in these aspects should also be screened. 2) Select a smaller relative bending radius: A small r/t value indicates a large degree of deformation. Generally, when r/t ≤ 3-5, it is considered that the bending zone of the sheet metal has fully entered the plastic state. A smaller bending radius is beneficial for reducing springback, but an excessively small bending radius may cause cracking in the bending zone. The minimum bending radii for materials given in references are mainly absolute empirical data, which can serve as a reference for sheet metal designers when designing the bending radius of workpieces. 3) Select the required die clearance: For V type bending, the clearance value is achieved by high-speed machine tools and is independent of the die itself. For U type bending, springback decreases as the depth of the die opening increases, and springback decreases as the die clearance decreases. For workpieces with high bending accuracy, the single-side bending clearance can be taken as Z = t; if higher bending accuracy is required, adopting bending with slight thinning is more effective in reducing springback. Because zero or negative clearance bending can change the stress state of the sheet metal, transforming it from ordinary bending to bending with tensile characteristics, putting the inner side of the neutral layer of the blank under compressive stress, so that the entire cross-section of the blank is in a tensile stress state in the tangential direction. After unloading, the springback of the inner and outer fibers cancels each other out, reducing springback (Figure 4). Therefore, adopting tensile bending processes and dies with adjustable clearance is very beneficial for controlling springback. 4) Design reasonable workpiece shapes: U type bent parts have less springback than V type parts. Complex workpiece shapes involve more mutual constraints between parts, making springback difficult to control. Therefore, ? type springback is smaller than U type. If suitable stiffening ribs are pressed at the bending location, the springback will be even smaller. Therefore, flanging or hemming treatment of bent parts can both increase stiffness and reduce springback. 5) Adopt appropriate microstructural states: Materials after cold working hardening have large bending springback. For bent parts with high accuracy requirements, if the blank has cold working hardening, it should be annealed before bending. Where necessary and permissible, heating the blank during bending should be used to eliminate springback for thicker blanks. The springback angle in corrected bending is significantly smaller than in free bending, and the greater the correcting force, the smaller the springback. 6) Correct the shape of the bending punch: This is because the correcting bending force concentrates the punching force in the bending deformation zone, forcing the inner metal layer to be compressed. After the sheet is corrected, both the inner and outer fibers are elongated and will shorten after unloading. Since the springback trends of the inner and outer layers are opposite, the amount of springback will be reduced, thereby achieving the goal of overcoming or reducing springback. Therefore, corrected bending is a bending method similar in nature to tensile bending, and its application range is wider. Generally, the shape shown in Figure 5 is mostly used for corrected bending punches.

lee spring spring functions and applications

Functions: 1) Measurement function. We know that within the elastic limit, the extension (or contraction) of a spring is proportional to the external force. Spring scales are made using this property of springs. 2) Clamping function. Observing various electrical switches reveals that one of the two contacts of a switch must be equipped with a spring to ensure tight contact between the two contacts for good conductivity. If the contact is poor, the resistance at the contact point increases, generating more heat when current passes through, which can seriously cause the metal at the contact point to melt. The two metal pins of bayonet lamp holders are also equipped with springs to ensure good contact; the center metal piece of screw lamp holders and all contact metal pieces of sockets are spring leaves, whose function is to ensure tight contact between the two parties to maintain good conductivity. In cassette tapes, there is a phosphor bronze spring leaf that uses the elastic force generated by its bending deformation to keep the magnetic head in close contact with the tape. In a stapler, there is a long helical spring that serves to push the staples tightly on one hand, and on the other hand, when the frontmost staple is pushed out, it can send the subsequent staples to the front for comfortable ejection, thus automatically pushing the staples one by one to the front until all staples are ejected. Many machines' automatic feeding and the automatic chambering of bullets in automatic rifles rely on this function of springs. In addition, clothespins, ballpoint pens, and pen cap clips all use the clamping function of springs to attach to clothes. Applications: 1) Supporting vehicle body weight, meaning that most of the vehicle's weight is normally borne by the springs. 2) Cushioning road bumps. Helical springs are buffering elements. When the impact force from the road on the wheels is transmitted to the helical spring, the helical spring deforms, absorbing the kinetic energy of the wheels and converting it into potential energy of the helical spring, thereby mitigating the impact of the ground on the vehicle body. However, the helical spring itself does not consume energy; the spring storing potential energy will restore its original shape, converting the potential energy back into kinetic energy. If springs are used alone without damping elements, some light cars will bounce up and down continuously after a single impact, like acrobats jumping on a trampoline. In automotive manufacturing, the axle of an independent suspension is divided into two sections, with each wheel independently installed under the frame by a helical spring. When one wheel bounces, the other wheel is unaffected, allowing the wheels on both sides to move independently, improving the stability and comfort of the car.

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