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gohard springs are helical springs that withstand axial tensile forces. Extension springs are generally manufactured from materials with a circular cross-section. When not under load, the coils of an extension spring are typically close-wound with no gaps. Many different end fittings or "hooks" are used to ensure the source of tensile force for the extension spring. The working principle of extension springs is opposite to that of compression springs. Compression springs exert a reactive force when compressed, whereas extension springs exert a reactive force when extended or pulled apart. When the two ends of an extension spring are pulled apart, the spring attempts to pull them back together. Like compression springs, extension springs also absorb and store energy. However, unlike compression springs, most extension springs operate under a certain degree of initial tension, even in the absence of any external load. This initial tension determines how tightly the extension spring is coiled when there is no load.

gohard spring influencing factors

Springback includes both angular springback and curvature springback, which is the result of the combined effect of springback in the bending deformation zone and the non-deformation zone. There are many factors affecting springback, mainly including: (1) material mechanical properties σs, Eoσs the higher the value and the smaller the E value, the greater the bending springback; (2) degree of deformation r/t. Under identical conditions, the amount of angular springback increases as the r/t value increases; the amount of curvature springback decreases as the r/t value increases; (3) bending center angle αo a larger bending center angle α results in a larger springback angle; (4) die clearance Z. A larger clearance between the punch and die results in greater springback; (5) bending method. Free bending results in large springback, corrected bending results in smaller springback, and full-form upsetting calibration bending results in the smallest springback; (6) workpiece shape and material microstructure state. Complex shapes with significant mutual constraint result in smaller springback, while springback is greater after work hardening; (7) die structure and magnitude of blank holder force. A larger blank holder force results in smaller springback after bending the workpiece.

gohard spring structure and principle

The torsion bar spring itself is a torsion bar made of spring steel. The cross-section of the torsion bar is typically circular, with a few being tubular or rectangular. The ends can be shaped as splines, square, hexagonal, or cylindrical with flats, so that one end can be fixed to the vehicle frame and the other end to the suspension arm, which is connected to the wheel. One end of the torsion bar spring is fixed to the vehicle frame, and the other end is connected to the wheel via the suspension arm. When the wheel encounters an obstacle on the ground and jumps upward, the wheel drives the suspension arm to rotate by a certain angle around the axis of the torsion bar, causing the torsion bar to undergo torsional deformation (elastic deformation). Meanwhile, the elastic potential energy stored by the torsional deformation of the torsion bar is released when the wheel leaves the obstacle, allowing the force transmission mechanism and the wheel to quickly return to their original positions. During the manufacturing of torsion bar springs, the torsion bar is pre-twisted to create a permanent torsional deformation, giving it a certain amount of prestress. The direction of the applied pre-torsion is the same as the direction of torsion when the torsion bar is installed and operating on the vehicle, with the aim of reducing the actual stress during operation and extending service life. Note that left and right torsion bars are not interchangeable.

gohard spring compensation method for controlling springback

The compensation method for controlling springback involves controlling the geometric shape and dimensions of the working parts of the die based on the direction and magnitude of the springback of the bent part, so that the springback after bending the workpiece is compensated. For example, for U-shaped parts with significant bending, the end face of the punch or the surface of the stripper plate can be made arc-shaped, or the punch and die can be made with inclined surfaces at a certain angle. Thus, the deformation generated at the arc or inclined areas during unloading can compensate for the springback deformation at the two corners. Extending this concept, the bending compensation method can be used to bend workpieces that are difficult to bend using conventional methods. For the shape shown in Figure 8, the two sides are tightly closed, leaving no space for forming. By utilizing deformation springback and correction compensation methods, bending can be achieved.

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