Germany georg rutz springs georg rutz models georg rutz prices

georg rutz springs are commonly used in wheeled vehicle suspensions. Initially known as laminated or bracket springs, and sometimes as semi-elliptical or cart springs, they represent one of the oldest spring forms, dating back to the Middle Ages. Leaf springs consist of long, arc-shaped spring steel strips with a rectangular cross-section. In the most common configuration, the center of the arc provides the axle location, while loops formed at either end attach to the vehicle chassis. For very heavy vehicles, leaf springs can be made from multiple leaves stacked together, typically with progressively shorter lengths. Leaf springs can be used for positioning, providing a degree of damping, and fulfilling spring functions. Although interleaf friction provides damping, it is poorly controlled and results in static friction during suspension movement. For this reason, some manufacturers have begun using mono-leaf springs. Leaf springs can be connected directly to the frame at both ends, or directly at one end (usually the front), with the other end connected via a shackle or short swing arm. The tension strap creates a tendency for the leaves to elongate under compression, resulting in a softer spring rate. Some springs terminate in a recessed end, known as a spoon end (rarely used), designed to support rotating components.

georg rutz spring applications

Tension springs, also known as helical extension springs, generally have uniform pitch and a circular cross-section. They can be used in many occasions, such as production assembly, testing, R&D, and maintenance. Extension springs hold an important position in the global market and are widely applied in fields such as national defense, marine, computer, electronics, automotive, mold, medical, biochemistry, aerospace, railway, nuclear power, wind power, thermal power, engineering machinery, mining machinery, construction machinery, and elevators.

georg rutz spring measures to control springback

1) Select materials with good bending performance: Using materials with a low yield limit and high elastic modulus as bending parts can achieve higher bending quality. In addition, the magnitude of thickness tolerance of the blank, the quality of the surface finish, and the flatness all have a significant impact on bending springback. For workpieces with high bending accuracy requirements, the quality of the blank in these aspects should also be screened. 2) Select a smaller relative bending radius: A small r/t value indicates a large degree of deformation. Generally, when r/t ≤ 3-5, it is considered that the bending zone of the sheet metal has fully entered the plastic state. A smaller bending radius is beneficial for reducing springback, but an excessively small bending radius may cause cracking in the bending zone. The minimum bending radius of materials provided in references is mainly empirical data, which can serve as a reference for sheet metal designers when designing the bending radius of workpieces. 3) Select the required die clearance: For V-type bending, the clearance value is achieved by high-speed machine tools and is independent of the die itself. For U-type bending, springback decreases as the depth of the die opening increases, and springback decreases as the die clearance decreases. For workpieces with high bending accuracy, the single-side bending clearance can be taken as Z = t; if higher bending accuracy is required, adopting bending with slight thinning is more effective in reducing springback. Because zero-clearance or negative-clearance bending can change the stress state of the sheet metal, transforming ordinary bending into bending with tensile-bending characteristics, creating a compressive stress state on the inner side of the neutral layer of the blank, so that the entire cross-section of the blank is in a tensile stress state in the tangential direction. After unloading, the springback of the inner and outer fibers cancels each other out, thereby reducing springback (Figure 4). Therefore, adopting tensile bending processes and dies with adjustable clearance is very beneficial for controlling springback. 4) Design reasonable workpiece shapes: U-type bent parts have less springback than V-type parts. Complex workpiece shapes involve more mutual constraints between parts, making springback difficult to control. Therefore, ?-type springback is smaller than U-type. If suitable stiffening ribs are pressed at the bending area, the springback will be even smaller. Therefore, flanging or hemming treatment of bent parts can not only improve stiffness but also reduce springback. 5) Adopt appropriate microstructural states: Materials after cold working hardening have large bending springback. For bent parts with high accuracy requirements where the blank has cold working hardening, annealing treatment should be performed before bending. Where necessary and permissible, heating bending should be adopted for workpieces with thicker blanks to eliminate springback. The springback angle of calibration bending is significantly smaller than that of free bending, and the greater the calibration force, the smaller the springback. 6) Calibrate the punch shape for bending: This is because the calibration bending force concentrates the punching force in the bending deformation zone, forcing the inner layer of the metal to be compressed. After the sheet metal is calibrated, both the inner and outer fibers are elongated and will shorten after unloading. Since the springback trends of the inner and outer layers are opposite, the amount of springback will be reduced, thereby achieving the goal of overcoming or reducing springback. Therefore, calibration bending is a bending method similar in nature to tensile bending, and its application range appears to be broader. Generally, the punch for calibration bending mostly adopts the shape shown in Figure 5.

georg rutz spring features

Suspensions using torsion bar springs are lighter in weight, have a simpler structure, and do not require lubrication. By adjusting the installation angle of the fixed end of the torsion bar spring, automatic adjustment of vehicle body height is easily achieved. Torsion bar springs store greater elastic energy per unit volume and have low mass. Compared to helical springs, torsion bar springs have a compact structure and are easy to arrange. Torsion bar springs are widely used in off-road vehicles, light passenger cars, and trucks. Torsion bar springs can be classified into circular, tubular, and leaf types based on their cross-sectional shape. Solid circular torsion bars have a simple structure and are the most commonly used. To assemble the torsion bar, both ends are machined into splines, hexagonal, square, etc. Due to the smaller size of the spline ends, spline connections are mostly used. Generally, the major diameter of the spline is 1.2~1.3 times the working diameter of the torsion bar, and the spline length is approximately 1.4 times the major diameter of the spline. As long as the crushing stress of the spline teeth is within permissible limits, the spline teeth should not be selected too long. Torsion bar springs generally use involute splines GB3478. In the JSB2705 standard, the recommended standard pressure angle for splines is 45°; modules are 1mm and 0.75mm. To facilitate the assembly of torsion bar springs, some designs make the spline diameters at both ends unequal or machine a blind tooth on the spline teeth at both ends.

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