German EFFBE springs EFFBE models EFFBE prices

EFFBE springs are energy accumulators; they store energy but cannot release it slowly. To achieve slow release, a "spring + high gear ratio mechanism" is required, commonly seen in mechanical watches. Helical springs have been applied for a very long time; ancient bows and crossbows are two types of helical springs in a broad sense. According to appearance, they can be divided into ordinary cylindrical helical springs and variable-diameter helical springs (see figure); according to the direction of the helix, they can be divided into left-hand springs and right-hand springs. Cylindrical helical springs have a simple structure, are easy to manufacture, and are widely used. Their characteristic line is a straight line, and they can serve as compression springs, extension springs, and torsion springs. When the load is large and radial dimensions are limited, two compression springs with different diameters can be nested together to form a combination spring. Variable-diameter helical springs include conical helical springs, volute helical springs, and concave helical springs. Conical helical springs have good buffering performance and can withstand large loads. Volute helical springs can store more energy and withstand larger loads, but the manufacturing process is more complex. The performance of concave helical springs is similar to that of conical helical springs, and they are mostly used in seat cushions and mattresses. Spring wire cross-sections include circular and rectangular shapes, with circular cross-sections being the most common.

EFFBE spring influencing factors

Springback includes angular springback and curvature springback, which is the result of the combined effect of springback in the bending deformation zone and the non-deformation zone. There are many factors affecting springback, mainly: (1) material mechanical properties σs, Eoσs the higher the value, the smaller the E value, the greater the bending springback; (2) degree of deformation r/t. Under the same conditions, the amount of angular springback increases as the r/t value increases; the amount of curvature springback decreases as the r/t value increases; (3) bending center angle α o a large bending center angle α results in a large springback angle; (4) die clearance Z. Large clearance between the punch and die results in large springback; (5) bending method. Free bending has large springback, corrected bending has small springback, and full-form upsetting bending has the smallest springback; (6) workpiece shape and material microstructure state. Complex shapes with much mutual constraint have small springback, while cold-work hardened materials have large springback; (7) die structure and magnitude of blank holder force. Large blank holder force results in small springback after bending.

EFFBE spring advantages and classification

The advantages of leaf springs are simple structure, reliable operation, low cost, and convenient maintenance. They serve as both the elastic element of the suspension and the guiding device. One end is hinged to the frame, allowing transmission of various forces and moments, and determining the wheel jump trajectory. At the same time, they provide a certain friction damping effect. Achieving three benefits at once, they are widely used in non-independent suspensions. Leaf springs are classified by shape: 1) elliptical leaf springs; 2) semi-elliptical leaf springs; 3) quarter-elliptical leaf springs; 4) single-leaf springs. Elliptical, semi-elliptical, and quarter-elliptical leaf springs are all composite leaf springs, relying on friction between leaves for high buffering and damping performance, widely used in suspension systems of automobiles, tractors, and railway vehicles; single-leaf springs are made of single-piece spring steel, mostly used in mechanical equipment and instruments to clamp working components.

EFFBE spring precautions

Due to product structure limitations, multi-strand springs generally have the characteristics of high strength and good performance. The material must guarantee final performance in terms of spring strength and toughness. During the processing of multi-strand springs, note the following: 1 Support coils can be closed using cold or hot methods according to product requirements. When using the hot closing method, heating the spring to the point of sparking or whitening is not allowed; the temperature for silicon-manganese steel must not exceed 850℃. Support coils and active coils must have effective contact, and the gap must not exceed 10% of the nominal inter-coil gap. 2 The characteristics of multi-strand springs can be determined by adjusting the lead; the pitch can be adjusted as necessary during winding. The pitch can be 3~14 times the wire diameter, but 8~13 times is generally preferred. Spring force is also closely related to free height, closed ends, outer diameter, and wire properties, and can be changed by adjusting one or more of these items. 3 Springs without support coils and springs with excessively thin wire diameters should not have welded ends, but the end strands should not be obviously loose and burrs should be removed. For multi-strand springs requiring welded heads, the welding length should be less than 3 times the strand diameter (maximum not exceeding 10 mm). The heating length should be less than one coil, and it should be ground smooth after welding; local low-temperature annealing should be performed on the welded area during gas welding. 4 Surface treatment of springs generally involves phosphating, but other treatments are also possible. When zinc or cadmium plating is required, dehydrogenation treatment must be performed after electroplating. After dehydrogenation, pull 3% (no fewer than 3 pieces) for retesting of presetting treatment; no fractures are allowed during retesting. Springs should be cleaned of surface dirt, salt marks, and oxide scale, using methods such as sandblasting or gasoline cleaning, but acid pickling must not be used. 5 Important springs should be compressed for 24 hours, ordinary springs for 6 hours or continuously compressed 3~5 times, holding each time for 3~5 seconds. During compression, the gap between the spring and the mandrel should be 10% of the mandrel diameter; too small a gap makes operation difficult, while too large a gap easily causes bending deformation of the spring. If one spring breaks during compression, the others should be reprocessed.

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