German baumann springs baumann models baumann prices

baumann springs are typically used in wheeled vehicle suspensions. Initially known as laminated or bracket springs, and sometimes as semi-elliptical or cart springs, they are one of the oldest spring forms, dating back to the Middle Ages. Leaf springs consist of long, arc-shaped spring steel strips with a rectangular cross-section. In the most common configuration, the center of the arc provides the axle location, while loops formed at either end attach to the vehicle chassis. For very heavy vehicles, leaf springs can be made from multiple leaves stacked together, usually with progressively shorter leaves. Leaf springs can be used for positioning, a certain degree of damping, and spring function. Although interleaf friction provides damping, it is poorly controlled and leads to static friction in suspension movement. For this reason, some manufacturers have begun using mono-leaf springs. Leaf springs can be connected directly to the frame at both ends, or directly at one end (usually the front), with the other end connected via a shackle or short swing arm. The tension band introduces a tendency for the leaves to elongate under compression, thereby making the elasticity softer. Some springs terminate in a recessed end, called a spoon end (rarely used), for carrying rotating components.

baumann spring structure

A torsion bar spring is itself a torsion bar made of spring steel. The cross-section of the torsion bar is usually circular, with a few being tubular or rectangular. Its ends can be shaped as splines, square, hexagonal, or cylindrical with flats, so that one end is fixed to the chassis and the other to the suspension control arm, which is connected to the wheel.

baumann spring selection

A. Selection of spring force: Select the quantity, model, and spring force of each gas spring based on the calculated punching force. Generally, the spring force of the gas spring should be selected by adding an increase of 15%-20% to the calculated punching force, which better reflects actual conditions. First, when the die wears, gap changes occur. Changes in process parameters such as blunt cutting edges, inconsistencies in die thickness and sheet metal deformation resistance, cause changes in workpiece deformation resistance, so allowance should be made for deformation resistance in the design. Second, during charging of the gas spring, high-pressure gas inevitably experiences throttling losses, causing a slight drop in spring force. Third, gas springs have a long service life; after a period of use, there will be a certain leakage of high-pressure nitrogen, causing a slight decrease in spring force. B. Selection of the number of gas springs: Based on layout requirements, combined with the die structure and the position of force application points, ensure that no eccentric loading occurs during die operation, while also facilitating die adjustment. This ensures sufficient service life for the gas springs during use. C. Selection of the boost ratio of gas springs: Select based on the characteristic curve of the gas spring and stamping process requirements to determine the gas spring model. Determining the boost ratio is particularly important when stable force change, basically constant working force, or large initial force is required. D. Selection of gas spring stroke: Regardless of the process, when selecting gas springs, it is desirable that the total height of the gas spring not be too high, to avoid instability and overly complex structures during installation in the die. Moreover, the larger the stroke, the higher the price of the gas spring, which is especially important for independent gas springs. If a large stroke is indeed required due to process needs, it is recommended to adopt a gas spring manifold plate system, which can reduce die height and improve the stability and reliability of the gas spring. Sometimes, for safety and to avoid accidents, a safety stroke of 3-5mm should be added when selecting gas springs. Selection of gas spring structural form: When designers use gas springs in dies, they first need to decide on the structural form. Comprehensive consideration should be given to the stamping process requirements of the required parts, the structural form of the die, equipment used, working environment, working conditions, die cost, and adjustment and maintenance factors. A. Independent type: The most widely applied is the independent gas spring, which occupies less die space, is securely mounted, and comes in various structural forms. Several different installation forms do not require any accessories. It can be used by placing it directly in the die. It is the preferred design form for designers today. B. Pipe-connected type: Pipe-connected types are generally applied to large stamping parts and large cover parts. They use high-pressure pipes to connect individual gas springs together, and install a control instrument, so that the spring force of each gas spring in the entire system is equal, thus integrating the entire system into one, equivalent to an independent gas spring. This achieves a larger spring force and balance of spring force transmission, extends die life, and ensures the quality of stamped parts.

baumann spring precautions

Due to product structure limitations, multi-strand springs generally feature high strength and good performance. The material must guarantee final performance in terms of spring strength and toughness. During the processing of multi-strand springs, note the following: 1. Supporting coils can be cold-wound or hot-wound according to product requirements. When using hot winding, the spring must not be heated to the point of sparking or whitening; the temperature for silicon-manganese steel must not exceed 850℃. Supporting coils and active coils must have effective contact, and the gap must not exceed 10% of the nominal inter-coil gap. 2. Multi-strand spring characteristics can be determined by adjusting the lead; the pitch can be adjusted as necessary during winding. The pitch can be 3~14 times the wire diameter, but generally 8~13 times is preferred. Spring force is also closely related to free height, closed ends, outer diameter, and wire properties, and can be changed by adjusting one or more of these items. 3. Springs without supporting coils and springs with excessively thin wire diameters should not have welded heads, but the end strands must not be obviously loose and burrs must be removed. For multi-strand springs requiring welded heads, the welding length should be less than 3 times the strand diameter (maximum not greater than 10 mm). The heating length should be less than one coil, and it should be ground smooth after welding. During gas welding, the welded area should undergo local low-temperature annealing. 4. Spring surface treatment generally involves phosphating, but other treatments are also possible. When zinc or cadmium plating is required, dehydrogenation treatment must be performed after electroplating. After dehydrogenation, extract 3% (no fewer than 3 pieces) for retesting of presetting treatment; no fractures are allowed during retesting. Springs must be cleaned of surface dirt, salt marks, and oxide scale, using methods such as sandblasting or gasoline cleaning, but acid pickling must not be used. 5. The compression holding time for important springs is 24 hours, and for ordinary springs, it is 6 hours or continuous compression 3~5 times, holding for 3~5 seconds each time. During compression, the gap between the spring and the mandrel should be 10% of the mandrel diameter; if the gap is too small, operation is difficult, and if too large, the spring is prone to bending deformation. If one spring breaks during compression, the others must be reprocessed.

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