German ahle federn springs ahle federn models ahle federn prices

ahle federn springs are mechanical energy storage structures, primarily used in ancient ballistae and other crossbow-type weapons. Torsion springs store energy by twisting or rotating elastic materials that are soft and highly tough, thereby imparting a certain amount of mechanical energy to the projectile. Modern torsion spring torque bars are mostly made of steel with good elasticity, and their forms have varied greatly; examples include hairsprings in mechanical watches, power springs in toy gyro guns, and torque bars in tanks and automobiles. Torque bars are compact yet provide high torque, making them ideal as shock absorption components for transportation vehicles. Torsion spring torque bars are mostly made of steel with good elasticity, and their forms have varied greatly; examples include hairsprings in mechanical watches, power springs in toy gyro guns, and torque bars in tanks and automobiles.

ahle federn spring influencing factors

Springback includes angular springback and curvature springback, which is the result of the combined effect of springback in the bending deformation zone and the non-deformation zone. Many factors influence springback, mainly including: (1) the mechanical properties of the material σs, Eo the higher the σs, the smaller the E value, the greater the bending springback; (2) degree of deformation r/t. Under identical conditions, the angular springback increases as the r/t value increases; the curvature springback decreases as the r/t value increases; (3) bending center angle α o a larger bending center angle α results in a larger springback angle; (4) die clearance Z. Larger clearance between the punch and die results in greater springback; (5) bending method. Free bending has large springback, corrected bending has smaller springback, and full-form upsetting calibration bending has the smallest springback; (6) workpiece shape and material microstructure state. Complex shapes with more mutual constraints exhibit less springback, while springback is greater after work hardening; (7) die structure and magnitude of blank holder force. Greater blank holder force results in less springback after bending the workpiece.

ahle federn spring measures to control springback

1) Select materials with good bending performance: Using materials with low yield limit and high elastic modulus as bending parts can achieve higher bending quality. In addition, the thickness tolerance of the blank, surface quality, and flatness have a significant impact on bending springback. For workpieces with high bending precision requirements, the quality of the blank in these aspects should also be screened. 2) Select a smaller relative bending radius: A small r/t value indicates a large degree of deformation. Generally, when r/t ≤ 3-5, it is considered that the bending zone of the sheet metal has fully entered the plastic state. A smaller bending radius is beneficial for reducing springback, but an excessively small bending radius may cause cracking in the bending zone. The minimum bending radii for materials provided in references are mainly absolute empirical data, which can serve as a reference for sheet metal designers when designing the bending radius of workpieces. 3) Select the required die clearance: For V type bending, the clearance value is achieved by high-speed machine tools and is independent of the die itself. For U type bending, springback decreases as the die opening depth increases, and springback decreases as the die clearance decreases. For workpieces requiring high bending precision, the single-side bending clearance can be set to Z = t; if higher bending precision is required, adopting bending with slight thinning is more effective in reducing springback. Because zero or negative clearance bending can change the stress state of the sheet metal, transforming it from ordinary bending to bending with tensile-bending characteristics, creating a compressive stress state on the inner side of the neutral layer of the blank, so that the entire cross-section of the blank is in a tensile stress state in the tangential direction. After unloading, the springback of the inner and outer fibers cancels each other out, reducing springback (Figure 4). Therefore, adopting tensile-bending processes and dies with adjustable clearance is highly beneficial for controlling springback. 4) Design reasonable workpiece shapes: U type bent parts exhibit less springback than V type parts. Complex workpiece shapes with more mutual constraints between parts make springback difficult to manage. Therefore, ? type springback is smaller than U type. If suitable stiffening ribs are pressed at the bending locations, springback will be even smaller. Therefore, flanging or hemming treatment of bent parts can both increase stiffness and reduce springback. 5) Adopt suitable microstructure states: Materials after work hardening exhibit large bending springback. For bending parts with high precision requirements where the blank has undergone work hardening, annealing treatment should be performed before bending. Where necessary and permissible, heating bending should be adopted for workpieces with thicker blanks to eliminate springback. The springback angle in corrected bending is significantly smaller than in free bending, and the greater the correction force, the smaller the springback. 6) Correct the punch shape for corrected bending: This is because the corrected bending force concentrates the punching force in the bending deformation zone, forcing the inner metal layer to be compressed. After the sheet metal is corrected, both the inner and outer fibers are elongated and will shorten after unloading. Since the springback trends of the inner and outer layers are opposite, the springback amount will decrease, thereby achieving the goal of overcoming or reducing springback. Thus, corrected bending is a bending method similar in nature to tensile bending, and its application range appears broader. Generally, punches for corrected bending mostly adopt the shape shown in Figure 5.

ahle federn spring compensation method for controlling springback

The compensation method for controlling springback involves controlling the geometric shape and dimensions of the working part of the die based on the direction and magnitude of the springback of the bent part, so that the springback after bending the workpiece is compensated. For example, for U shaped parts with large bending, the end face of the punch or the surface of the stripper plate can be made arc-shaped, or the punch and die can be made into inclined surfaces at a certain angle, so that the deformation generated at the arc or inclined areas during unloading can compensate for the springback deformation of the two corners. Extending from this, the bending compensation method can be used to bend workpieces that are difficult to bend using conventional methods. For the shape shown in Figure 8, the two sides are tightly closed with no forming space. Using deformation springback and correction compensation methods, bending can be achieved.

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