German Ami Elektronik encoder, Ami Elektronik model, Ami Elektronik price

Ami Elektronik encoders are devices used to measure rotational speed and, in conjunction with PWM technology, enable rapid speed regulation. Photoelectric rotary encoders convert mechanical quantities such as angular displacement and angular velocity of the output shaft into corresponding electrical pulses via photoelectric conversion, outputting them as digital signals (REP). They are available in single-channel output and dual-channel output types. Key technical parameters include pulses per revolution (ranging from tens to thousands) and supply voltage. Single-channel output means the rotary encoder outputs one set of pulses, while dual-channel output rotary encoders output two sets of pulses with a 90-degree phase difference A/B. Using these two sets of pulses allows not only speed measurement but also determination of the direction of rotation. Based on signal output type, they are classified as: voltage output, open-collector output, push-pull complementary output, and line-driver output.

Ami Elektronik encoder classification by form

Shafted type: Shafted types can be further divided into clamping flange type, synchronous flange type, and servo mount type. Hollow shaft type: Hollow shaft types can be further divided into semi-hollow, fully hollow, and large-bore types. Based on working principle, encoders can be classified as photoelectric, magneto-electric, and contact brush types. Based on the coding disk marking method, encoders are classified into incremental and absolute types. Incremental encoders convert displacement into periodic electrical signals, which are then converted into counting pulses; the number of pulses indicates the magnitude of displacement. In absolute encoders, each position corresponds to a specific digital code, so the indicated value depends only on the start and end positions of the measurement, not on the intermediate process. Rotary incremental encoders output pulses during rotation, and their position is determined by counting equipment. When the encoder is stationary or power is lost, the position is retained in the internal memory of the counting device. Thus, after a power loss, the encoder must not move; otherwise, interference causing pulse loss during operation upon power restoration will shift the zero point remembered by the counting device. The magnitude of this shift is unknown until erroneous production results occur. The solution is to add a reference point; each time the encoder passes the reference point, the reference position corrects the memory position of the counting device. Position accuracy cannot be guaranteed before the reference point. Therefore, in industrial control, methods such as finding the reference point before each operation or homing at startup are used. For example, printer and scanner positioning uses the incremental encoder principle; at each startup, we hear a series of clicking sounds as it finds the reference zero point before operating. This method is troublesome for some industrial control projects and may even be prohibited if homing at startup is not allowed (where accurate position must be known immediately after startup), leading to the emergence of absolute encoders. Absolute rotary photoelectric encoders, due to their unique absolute position, anti-interference capability, and no need for power-loss memory, are increasingly widely used for angle, length measurement, and positioning control in various industrial systems. The optical code disk of an absolute encoder has many tracks, arranged sequentially as 2 line, 4 line, 8 line, 16 line. Thus, at each position of the encoder, reading the light/dark state of each track yields a unique 2-ary code (Gray code) from the zeroth power of 2 to the n-1th power of 2, known as an n-bit absolute encoder. Such encoders are determined by the mechanical position of the code disk and are unaffected by power loss or interference. The uniqueness of each position in an absolute encoder, determined by mechanical position, requires no memory, no reference point search, and no continuous counting; the position is read whenever needed. This significantly improves the encoder's anti-interference characteristics and data reliability. Since absolute encoders are clearly superior to incremental encoders in positioning, they are increasingly used in industrial control positioning. Due to the high precision and large number of output bits of absolute encoders, if parallel output were still used, each bit's output signal would require ensured good connection, and isolation for complex conditions, resulting in many cable cores, inconvenience, and reduced reliability. Therefore, multi-bit absolute encoders generally use serial or bus output. For German-produced absolute encoders, the most common serial output is SSI.

Ami Elektronik encoder working principle

It consists of a photoelectric code disk with a central shaft, featuring concentric light and dark tracks. Photoelectric emission and reception devices read these to obtain four sets of sine wave signals combined into A, B, C, D. Each sine wave has a 90-degree phase difference (relative to one cycle being 360 degrees). Inverting C and D signals and superimposing them on the A and B phases enhances signal stability. Additionally, one Z phase pulse is output per revolution to represent the zero reference position. Since the A and B phases differ by 90 degrees, comparing whether A leads or B leads determines the forward or reverse rotation of the encoder. The zero reference position is obtained via the zero pulse. Code disk materials include glass, metal, and plastic. Glass code disks have very thin deposited tracks on glass, offering good thermal stability and high precision. Metal code disks have direct light/dark tracks, are shatter-resistant, but have limited precision due to metal thickness, and their thermal stability is an order of magnitude worse than glass. Plastic code disks are economical with low cost, but have inferior precision, thermal stability, and lifespan. Resolution—defined as the number of light or dark tracks provided per 360 degrees of rotation—is also called analytical division or simply referred to as the number of lines, typically ranging from 5 to 10000 lines per revolution.

Ami Elektronik encoder applications

This encoder uses relative counting for position measurement. Before operation, programming stores the pulse counts corresponding to various signals, such as speed change points, leveling points, and braking stop points, into respective memory units. During elevator operation, the rotary encoder detects and software calculates in real time the following signals: elevator floor position, speed change point position, and leveling point position, thereby performing floor counting and issuing speed change and leveling signals.

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