German Schnorr seals Schnorr models Schnorr prices

Schnorr seals are the customary term for general seals; simply put, they seal lubricating oil. They are mechanical components used to seal grease (oil is the most common liquid in transmission systems, and the term also refers to general liquids). They isolate lubricated parts in transmission components from output parts to prevent lubricant leakage. Seals used for static sealing and dynamic sealing (generally reciprocating motion) are called oil seals. The representative form of oil seals is the TC oil seal, which is a double-lip oil seal with a self-tightening spring fully encapsulated in rubber. The term oil seal generally refers to this type of tc cased oil seal.

Schnorr seal types

1) Compression seals: Compression seals, especially O rings, have been widely used in sealing applications. Other forms such as X type, T type, D type, square, and triangular are suitable for different applications. Improvements aim to stabilize sealing performance, increase pressure resistance, and reduce friction. They can also be combined with low-friction plastics such as PTFE and nylon slide rings and support rings to form combination seals, enhancing pressure resistance and reducing friction. Some manufacturers' products are rated for speeds up to 7.5m/s and sealing pressures of 5.6MPa. 2) Reciprocating lip seals: Reciprocating lip seals, also known as lip gaskets or cups, are widely used for dynamic sealing in hydraulic cylinders. The pressure-bearing surface is lip-shaped, with a slight interference fit during installation to ensure full contact between the lip edge and the sealing surface. As the cylinder operates and pressure rises, contact force and area increase, improving sealing. During the return stroke, pressure drops, and contact area and friction are lower than during the working stroke, creating a breathing effect that lubricates the lip. There are many types of reciprocating seals, commonly including J type, L type, U type, V type, and Y type, as well as various combination and composite seals such as bellows, diaphragm, and multi-lip seals. Extrusion must be prevented under high pressure by selecting materials with sufficient tear strength, hardness, and modulus, or by using support rings or reinforced elastomers. Seals used in high-pressure, high-speed, or high-temperature environments often use composite combination seals. Their common feature is two lips contacting the cylinder wall. A groove in the middle of the sealing area stores medium, improving lubrication, reducing lip wear, and ensuring reliable sealing. Lip seals for pneumatic systems require operation without oil lubrication. Contact pressure varies, and some designs integrate dust wipers with the seal. 3) Rotary shaft lip seals: There are no fewer than 200 varieties of similar structures, such as hydrodynamic, inner-cased, assembled, outer-cased, PTFE-bonded AF type, and dual-modulus return-flow types. The advantage of outer-cased assembled types is accurate positioning, high concentricity, and good heat dissipation. They are stable under pressure and vibration, resulting in longer service life and saving rubber material. Dual-modulus return-flow types apply wave sealing theory; adding a low-modulus, easily deformable material at the sealing contact achieves a return-flow effect while reducing product design and mold processing costs. Joints between rigid waterproof layers and gable walls, parapet walls, and protruding roof structures must be properly treated with flexible sealing.

Schnorr seal influencing factors

Hydraulic seals play a crucial role in the integrity of hydraulic and pneumatic systems. If the seals of a hydraulic or pneumatic component are inadequate, the component is not considered a good product. Many factors affect seals. First, pressure is a major factor influencing seal quality. The magnitude of pressure and the duration of pressure cycles significantly impact seal damage (such as extrusion). The higher the pressure, the greater the impact of other factors on seal performance, such as temperature, speed, seal material, clearance between piston and cylinder barrel, and clearance between piston and cylinder head. Another factor is temperature and friction. It is difficult to define the maximum and minimum operating temperatures for a seal material because this is the result of a combination of factors. Operating temperatures for pistons and piston rods differ, so they must be selected accordingly. Another factor is the surface roughness of the seal product. Surface characteristics, pressure, medium, temperature, seal material, seal type, and motion speed all influence seals. Finally, surface treatment is critical. Experience shows that the surface characteristics of cylinder pistons and piston rods greatly affect seal life. Surface characteristics are commonly defined by the RA value, which is the arithmetic mean of the absolute deviations of the surface profile from the centerline. However, these values do not fully represent the impact of surface conditions on seals, as different surface shape features can cause varying degrees of seal wear even at the same roughness.

Schnorr seal maintenance

1) Control of shaft seal pressure: High shaft seal pressure can cause steam leakage from the shaft seal, leading to water ingress into the oil and deterioration of turbine oil quality. Excessively high shaft seal pressure may trigger the safety valve of the equalizing tank, wasting working fluid and damaging equipment. Low shaft seal pressure may cause a drop in unit vacuum, allowing cold air to enter the shaft seal or even the cylinder, causing cooling of the shaft seal section or inside the cylinder, which seriously threatens equipment safety. 2) Impact of abnormal shaft seal temperature on the unit: When shaft seal temperature is too high, especially before unit startup, excessive heating at the shaft end gland and rotor gland section can cause local stress concentration and deformation. This may change the clearance between the rotor and cylinder, increase shaft seal steam leakage and differential expansion, and potentially cause stationary-to-rotating part friction. When shaft seal temperature is too low, the shaft end gland and rotor gland section are cooled, also causing local stress concentration, changing the clearance between the cylinder and rotor, increasing shaft end steam leakage, and reducing differential expansion. Low shaft seal temperature may also cause water carryover in the supply steam, leading to water hammer in the shaft seal supply pipe and, in severe cases, water ingress into the turbine.

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