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Cytec seals utilize the "container" concept from transportation to create cartridge seals. The rotating and stationary parts of this seal are pre-assembled into a single unit before installation. After inspection and pressure testing, the unit is mounted on the shaft within the stuffing box, fixed to the shaft with set screws, and the gland bolts are tightened. Once the cartridge positioning tabs are removed, the mechanical seal operates with parallel faces and is ready for service. This approach not only simplifies assembly but also ensures assembly quality. Welded metal bellows mechanical seals are all designed as cartridge seals, offering the aforementioned advantages. Cassette seals are also a type of cartridge mechanical seal. In this seal, the static ring, dynamic ring, shaft sleeve, gland, and auxiliary seals are all assembled together on a shaft sleeve before installation, facilitating inspection of assembly quality. After passing inspection, simply tighten the seal cover and secure the screws. This pre-assembled, inspected, and tested seal component makes it easy to ensure installation and assembly quality.

Cytec seal classification

Oil seals are generally classified into single-piece and assembled types. Assembled types allow free combination of the cage and lip material, typically used for special oil seals. Based on sealing function, characteristics, structural type, operating condition, and sealing mechanism, oil seals can be divided into various forms with different names. However, by convention, rotary shaft lip seals are referred to as oil seals, while static seals and dynamic seals (generally reciprocating motion) are called seals. The representative form of an oil seal is the TC oil seal, which is a rubber-covered double-lip oil seal with a self-tightening spring. The term oil seal commonly refers to this type of tc caged oil seal.

Cytec seal materials

Common materials for oil seals include: Nitrile rubber, Fluorocarbon rubber, Silicone rubber, Acrylate rubber, Polyurethane, Polytetrafluoroethylene, etc. 1) Nitrile rubber (NBR): It has good heat and wear resistance, and is resistant to various lubricating oils, greases, and oil-gas mixtures. The applicable temperature range is -30 to 120 degrees Celsius. However, it cannot be used in phosphate ester hydraulic fluids or gear oils containing extreme pressure additives. It performs stably in gasoline and mineral oils with low aniline points. 2) Polyacrylate rubber (ACM): Superior oil and heat resistance, wear resistance, ozone resistance, and UV radiation resistance. It is especially resistant to lubricating oils, gear oils, motor oils, engine oils, and petroleum-based hydraulic fluids containing extreme pressure agents. Suitable for operation in the -30 to 150 degrees Celsius range. 3) Fluorocarbon rubber: Resistant to aging, heat, and oil. Suitable for almost all lubricating oils, fuel oils, and gasoline. It does not harden easily in oils containing extreme pressure additives. However, it has poor cold resistance and high-temperature wear resistance, and significant permanent compression set. Suitable for temperatures from -20 to 250 degrees Celsius. 4) Silicone rubber: Outstanding high and low-temperature resistance. Can be used long-term at 150 degrees Celsius without performance change; can be used continuously at 200 for 10000h; maintains its unique elasticity, ozone resistance, and weather resistance in the working temperature range of -70 to 260. 5) Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE): Outstanding chemical stability, thermal stability, low friction, and self-lubrication. Its decomposition temperature is above 400. Therefore, it can operate normally in the temperature range of -200 to 300 degrees Celsius. Except for free fluorine and alkali metals, it has excellent corrosion resistance to chemicals, solvents, hydroxides, and acids. Nitrile rubber and fluorocarbon rubber are widely used oil seal materials. The former is low-cost, while the latter offers significantly improved temperature resistance and sealing performance, but at a higher cost. It still retains some common disadvantages of ordinary rubber materials, such as poor wear resistance, short service life, and high sensitivity to shaft eccentricity, so leakage phenomena remain relatively common. PTFE oil seals are high-tech products and represent the future direction of oil seal development [2]. When selecting oil seal materials, one must consider the material's compatibility with the working medium, adaptability to the working temperature range, and the lip's ability to follow the rotating shaft at high speeds. Generally, the lip temperature of an oil seal during operation is 20 to 50℃ higher than the working medium temperature, which should be noted when selecting materials. The operating range of an oil seal depends on the material used: Nitrile rubber (NBR) is -40 to 120℃, Acrylate rubber (ACM) is -30 to 180℃, and Fluorocarbon rubber (FPM) is -25 to 300℃.

Cytec seal specifications and applications

1) Standard single-lip: Generally used for sealing mineral oils, water, and other media in high/low-speed rotating shafts and reciprocating motions. Standard oil seals are used in environments with little dust and impurities, resisting medium pressure<0.05MPa conditions, maximum linear speed 15m/s, reciprocating speed<0.1m/s. 2) Standard double-lip: In addition to the usage characteristics of the aforementioned S type oil seals, it also provides dust protection. Standard oil seals with a dust lip can prevent dust ingress, resisting medium pressure<0.05MPa conditions, linear speed ≤15m/s. 3) Springless type: Single-lip internal-cage rubber oil seal without a spring. Generally suitable for low-speed conditions where the sealing medium is lubricating grease. Linear speed ≤6m/s. 4) External-cage single-lip: Single-lip external-cage rubber oil seal with a spring. It has a thin waist, good follow-up capability, and good rigidity. Standard oil seals are used in environments with little dust and impurities, resisting medium pressure<0.05MPa conditions. For rotating shaft linear speeds ≤15m/s. 5) External-cage double-lip: Double-lip external-cage rubber oil seal with an auxiliary lip. It has a thin waist, good follow-up capability, high rigidity, and good concentricity. Standard oil seals with a dust lip can prevent dust ingress, resisting medium pressure<0.05MPa conditions. Rotational speed ≤15m/s. 6) Assembled single-lip: External-cage oil seal formed by assembling inner and outer cages with rolled edges. It features high installation precision, fast heat dissipation, and heavy-load characteristics. Suitable for heavy-load conditions under high temperature and high speed. Medium pressure ≤0.05MPa, maximum linear speed ≤15m/s. 7) Unidirectional return flow type (right-hand/left-hand rotation): Angled ribs are manufactured on the air side of the lip. Using fluid dynamics principles, it generates a unidirectional pumping action with a return flow effect. Related to the shaft's rotation direction, the radial force is smaller than that of standard oil seals due to the return flow effect, reducing wear and heat generation, and extending service life. Suitable for medium pressure<0.05MPa conditions, rotational speed ≤20m/s. 8) Pressure-resistant type: Short lip and short, thick waist provide pressure resistance. Working pressure ≤3MPa. Suitable for conditions where medium pressure ≤3MPa. Applicable as shaft end oil seals for high-pressure pumps. Generally, the PV value ≤8. Rotating shaft linear speed ≤15m/s.

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