German APEX seals APEX models APEX prices

APEX seals are materials or components that prevent leakage of fluids or solid particles from adjacent mating surfaces and prevent external contaminants such as dust and moisture from entering machinery. The recommended storage temperature for seals is below 30°C to avoid high-temperature aging. Seals can be classified into two main categories: static seals and dynamic seals. Their primary function is to prevent leakage of fluids or solid particles from adjacent mating surfaces and to prevent external contaminants such as dust and moisture from entering machinery components or measures. Static sealing refers to the tight closure of sealed chambers or containers used for sealing letters and testamentary seals.

APEX seal types

1) Compression seals: Compression seals, especially O rings, have been widely used in sealing applications. Other types such as X type, T type, D type, square, and triangular shapes are suitable for different applications. Improvements aim to stabilize sealing performance, enhance pressure resistance, and reduce friction. They can also be combined with low-friction plastics such as PTFE and nylon slide rings and support rings to form composite seals, improving pressure resistance and reducing friction. Some manufacturers' products are rated for speeds up to 7.5m/s and sealing pressures of 5.6MPa. 2) Reciprocating lip seals: Reciprocating lip seals, also known as lip gaskets or cups, are widely used for dynamic sealing in hydraulic system reciprocating cylinders. The pressure-bearing surface is lip-shaped; during installation, a slight interference fit ensures full contact between the lip edge and the sealing surface. When the cylinder operates, increasing pressure increases contact force and area, improving sealing. During the return stroke, pressure decreases, and contact area and friction are lower than during the working stroke, creating a breathing effect that lubricates the lip. There are many types of reciprocating dynamic seals, commonly including J type, L type, U type, V type, and Y type. Various combination and composite seals are also available, such as bellows-type, bud-type, and multi-lip seals. Extrusion must be prevented under high pressure by selecting materials with sufficient tear strength, hardness, and modulus, or by using support rings or reinforced elastomers. Seals used in high-pressure, high-speed, or high-temperature environments often use composite seals. Their common feature is two lips contacting the cylinder wall. A groove in the middle of the sealing area stores medium, improving lubrication, reducing lip wear, and ensuring reliable sealing. Lip seals for pneumatic systems require operation without oil lubrication; some integrate dust wipers with the seal. 3) Rotary shaft lip seals: There are no fewer than 200 varieties of similar structures, such as hydrodynamic type, inner-caged, assembled, outer-caged, PTFE-bonded AF type, and dual-modulus return-flow type. The advantage of outer-caged assembled types is accurate positioning, high concentricity, and good heat dissipation. They remain stable under pressure and vibration, resulting in longer service life and saving rubber material. Dual-modulus return-flow types apply wave seal theory; adding a low-modulus, easily deformable material at the sealing contact achieves a return-flow effect while reducing product design and mold processing costs. Flexible sealing treatment should be applied at joints between rigid waterproof layers and gable walls, parapet walls, and roof protrusions.

APEX seal influencing factors

Hydraulic seals play a crucial role in the integrity of hydraulic and pneumatic systems. If the seals of a hydraulic or pneumatic component are inadequate, the component is not considered a quality product. Many factors affect seals. First, pressure is a significant factor influencing seal performance; the magnitude of pressure and the duration of pressure cycles greatly impact seal damage (such as extrusion). Higher pressure amplifies the influence of other factors such as temperature, speed, seal material, clearance between piston and cylinder barrel, and clearance between piston and cylinder head. Another factor is temperature and friction. Defining the maximum and minimum operating temperatures for a seal material is difficult because it results from the combined influence of various factors. Operating temperatures for pistons and piston rods differ and require distinct selection criteria. Additionally, seal surface roughness, surface characteristics, pressure, medium, temperature, seal material, seal type, and motion speed all influence seal performance. Finally, surface treatment is critical; experience shows that the surface characteristics of cylinder pistons and piston rods significantly affect seal life. Surface characteristics are often defined by the RA value, which is the arithmetic mean of the absolute deviations of the surface profile from the centerline. However, these values do not fully represent the impact of surface conditions on seals, as different surface shape features can cause varying degrees of seal wear even at the same roughness level.

APEX seal installation precautions

1) Pay close attention during installation to avoid installation deviations. Tighten the gland after aligning the coupling. Bolts should be tightened evenly to prevent gland face skewing. Check all points with a feeler gauge; the error must not exceed 0.05 mm. Check the fit clearance (i.e., concentricity) between the gland and the outer diameter of the shaft or sleeve; it must be uniform around the circumference. Check all points with a feeler gauge; the allowable error must not exceed 0.01 mm. 2) Spring compression must be performed according to specifications; excessive or insufficient compression is not allowed. The required error is 2.00 mm. Excessive compression increases specific face pressure, accelerating face wear. Insufficient compression results in inadequate specific pressure, failing to achieve sealing. 3) After installing the rotating ring, it should automatically spring back when pressed against the spring. 4) Installation position requirements: To ensure stable operation, long life, and low leakage of mechanical seals, correct installation on the machine is essential. Before installing the mechanical seal, compare it carefully with the general assembly drawing to confirm all parts are ready. Check for abnormalities such as scratches or damage on the sealing faces of the friction pair and sealing rings. Also check for scratches on the shaft or sleeve surfaces contacting packing and sealing rings (O rings), flanges, and other components. If abnormalities are found, replace or repair before use. During actual installation, do not bring excess parts to the site. If parts remain after installation, it indicates missing installations; if parts are insufficient, it means unnecessary parts were assembled, serving as a self-check during installation.

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