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Wilh LAMBRECHT sensor is a device that converts magnetic signals into electrical signals. By utilizing the transformation relationship between magnetic quantities and other physical quantities, with the magnetic field as the medium, it can also convert signals of other non-electrical physical quantities into electrical signals. There are two driving methods: one is driven by a permanent magnet, and the other is driven by an electromagnetic coil. The former is mostly used for detection; for example, if a moving part is made of a magnet, it will attract and emit a signal once it approaches the magnetic induction sensor. The latter is mostly used for control; if the electromagnetic coil is energized, the contacts will attract. Replacing limit switches that rely on collision contact with magnetic induction sensors can improve system reliability and service life; therefore, they are often used in programmable logic controllers as signaling devices for position arrival.

Wilh LAMBRECHT sensor structure

It consists of two parts: the scale grating and the grating readhead. The figure on the right shows the structure of the linear encoder. The key part of the grating detection device is the grating readhead, which consists of a light source, condensing lens, index grating, photoelectric elements, and adjustment mechanisms. There are many structural forms of grating readheads, which are divided into direct-receiving readheads (also known as silicon photovoltaic cell readheads, mirror-image readheads, beam-splitter readheads, and metal grating reflective readheads) based on structural characteristics and application scenarios.

Wilh LAMBRECHT sensor principle

The essence of a grating displacement sensor is to measure position using the grating pitch as a standard ruler. High-resolution linear encoders are generally expensive and difficult to manufacture. To improve system resolution, Moiré fringes need to be subdivided; grating sensor systems mostly use electronic subdivision methods. When two gratings overlap at a slight angle, Moiré fringes are generated in the direction roughly perpendicular to the grating lines. As the grating moves, the Moiré fringes move up and down accordingly. This converts the measurement of grating pitch into the measurement of the number of Moiré fringes. Within the width of one Moiré fringe, placing 4 photoelectric devices at certain intervals can achieve electronic subdivision and direction judgment functions. For example, for a linear encoder with 50 line pairs/mm, its grating pitch is 0.02mm. If four-fold subdivision is adopted, counting pulses with a resolution of 5μm can be obtained, which has reached a very high precision in general industrial measurement and control. Since displacement is a vector, both its magnitude and direction must be detected, so at least two photoelectric signals with different phases are required. To eliminate common-mode interference, DC components, and even harmonics, differential amplifiers composed of low-drift operational amplifiers are usually used. The 4 photoelectric signals obtained from 4 photosensitive devices are sent to the input terminals of 2 differential amplifiers respectively. The two signals output from the differential amplifier have a phase difference of π/2. To obtain direction judgment and counting pulses, these two signals need to be shaped, first into square waves with a duty cycle of 1:1. Then, by comparing the phase of the square waves, the movement direction of the linear encoder can be determined. By counting the square wave pulses, the displacement and speed of the linear encoder can be obtained.

Wilh LAMBRECHT sensor precautions for use

When plugging and unplugging the connector of the linear encoder sensor and the digital readout unit, ensure the power is turned off. Install an external protective cover whenever possible, and promptly remove chips and oil splashed onto the scale to strictly prevent any foreign matter from entering the housing of the linear encoder sensor. Regularly check whether the mounting and connection screws are loose. To extend the service life of the dust-proof sealing strip, apply a thin, even layer of silicone oil to the strip, taking care not to splash it onto the glass grating etched surface. To ensure reliable operation of the linear encoder sensor, periodically clean and wipe the linear encoder scale surface and the index grating surface with an ethanol mixture (50%) to keep the glass grating scale surface clean. The linear encoder sensor must not be subjected to severe vibration or impact, as this may damage the scale; if the scale breaks, the linear encoder sensor will fail. Do not disassemble the linear encoder sensor yourself, and never arbitrarily change the relative gap between the main scale and the secondary scale. Doing so may compromise the accuracy of the linear encoder sensor and cause relative friction between the main and secondary scales, damaging the chrome layer and thus the grating lines, which renders the linear encoder unusable. Prevent oil stains and water from contaminating the scale surface to avoid disrupting the distribution of the grating lines, which can cause measurement errors. Avoid operating the linear encoder sensor in environments with severe corrosive effects to prevent corrosion of the grating chrome layer and the scale surface, which would degrade the quality of the linear encoder.

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