German U EFFE sensor U EFFE model U EFFE price

U EFFE sensors are devices that convert magnetic signals into electrical signals. Utilizing the transformation relationship between magnetic quantities and other physical quantities, with the magnetic field as a medium, they can also convert signals of other non-electrical physical quantities into electrical signals. There are two driving methods: one is driven by a permanent magnet, and the other is driven by an electromagnetic coil. The former is mostly used for detection; for example, if a moving part is made of a magnet, it will attract and emit a signal once it approaches the magnetic induction sensor. The latter is mostly used for control; if the electromagnetic coil is energized, the contacts will attract. Using magnetic induction sensors to replace limit switches that rely on collision contact can improve system reliability and service life; therefore, they are often used in programmable logic controllers (PLCs) as signaling devices for position arrival.

U EFFE sensor features

1) Since detection is performed in a non-contact manner, there is no wear or damage to the detected object. 2) Since a contactless output method is adopted, the service life is extended (except for magnetic types). Semiconductor output is used, which has no effect on contact life. 3) Unlike optical detection methods, it is suitable for use in environments such as water and oil, and is hardly affected by stains, oil, water, etc. on the detected object during detection. In addition, products with Teflon housings and good chemical resistance are included. 4) Compared with contact switches, high-speed response can be achieved. 5) It can correspond to a wide temperature range. 6) It is not affected by the color of the detected object and detects changes in the physical properties of the detected object, so it is hardly affected by surface color, etc. 7) Unlike contact types, it is affected by ambient temperature, surrounding objects, and similar sensors, including mutual influence between sensors such as inductive and capacitive types. Therefore, mutual interference must be considered when setting up sensors. In addition, for inductive types, the influence of surrounding metals must be considered, while for capacitive types, the influence of surrounding objects must be considered.

U EFFE sensor selection principles

1) Selection of sensitivity: Generally, within the linear range of the sensor, the higher the sensitivity of the sensor, the better. This is because only when the sensitivity is high, the value of the output signal corresponding to the change in the measured quantity is relatively large, which is beneficial for signal processing. However, it should be noted that when the sensor sensitivity is high, external noise unrelated to the measured quantity is easily mixed in and amplified by the amplification system, affecting measurement accuracy. Therefore, the sensor itself is required to have a high signal-to-noise ratio to minimize interference signals introduced from the outside. Sensor sensitivity is directional. When the measured quantity is a single vector and has high requirements for directionality, a sensor with low sensitivity in other directions should be selected; if the measured quantity is a multi-dimensional vector, the smaller the cross-sensitivity of the sensor, the better. 2) Frequency response characteristics: The frequency response characteristics of the sensor determine the frequency range of the measured quantity, and distortion must be maintained within the allowable frequency range. In practice, the sensor response always has a certain delay, and the shorter the delay time, the better. The higher the frequency response of the sensor, the wider the measurable signal frequency range. In dynamic measurements, the response characteristics should be selected according to the characteristics of the signal (steady-state, transient, random, etc.) to avoid excessive errors. 3) Linear range: The linear range of a sensor refers to the range where the output is proportional to the input. Theoretically, within this range, the sensitivity remains constant. The wider the linear range of the sensor, the larger its measuring range, and it can ensure a certain measurement accuracy. When selecting a sensor, once the type of sensor is determined, the first thing to check is whether its measuring range meets the requirements. However, in reality, no sensor can guarantee absolute linearity, and its linearity is relative. When the required measurement accuracy is relatively low, within a certain range, a sensor with small non-linear error can be approximately regarded as linear, which brings great convenience to measurement. 4) Stability: The ability of a sensor to maintain its performance unchanged after being used for a period of time is called stability. Factors affecting the long-term stability of a sensor, in addition to the sensor's own structure, are mainly the sensor's operating environment. Therefore, to ensure good stability of the sensor, the sensor must have strong environmental adaptability. Before selecting a sensor, its operating environment should be investigated, and a suitable sensor should be selected according to the specific operating environment, or appropriate measures should be taken to reduce the impact of the environment. Sensor stability has quantitative indicators. After exceeding the service period, recalibration should be performed before use to determine whether the sensor's performance has changed. In some occasions where the sensor is required to be used for a long time and cannot be easily replaced or calibrated, the stability requirements for the selected sensor are stricter, and it must be able to withstand long-term tests.5) Accuracy: Accuracy is an important performance indicator of a sensor and is an important link related to the measurement accuracy of the entire measurement system. The higher the accuracy of the sensor, the more expensive its price. Therefore, the accuracy of the sensor only needs to meet the accuracy requirements of the entire measurement system, and it is not necessary to select too high accuracy. This allows choosing cheaper and simpler sensors among many sensors that meet the same measurement purpose. If the measurement purpose is qualitative analysis, a sensor with high repeatability accuracy can be selected, and it is not advisable to select one with high absolute value accuracy; if it is for quantitative analysis and precise measurement values must be obtained, a sensor with an accuracy grade that meets the requirements must be selected. For some special application occasions where suitable sensors cannot be selected, sensors need to be designed and manufactured by oneself. The performance of self-made sensors should meet the usage requirements.

U EFFE sensor precautions for use

1) High-temperature environments cause problems for sensors such as melting of coating materials, opening of solder joints, and structural changes in internal stresses of the elastic body. Sensors working in high-temperature environments often use high-temperature resistant sensors; in addition, devices such as heat insulation, water cooling, or air cooling must be added. 2) Dust and moisture cause short-circuit effects on sensors. In this environmental condition, sensors with high sealing should be selected. Different sensors have different sealing methods, and their sealing properties vary greatly. Common sealing methods include filling or coating with sealant; mechanical fastening sealing with rubber gaskets; welding (argon arc welding, plasma beam welding) and vacuum nitrogen-filled sealing. In terms of sealing effect, welded sealing is the best, and filled/coated sealant is the worst. For sensors working in clean and dry indoor environments, sensors with glue-sealed coating can be selected, while for sensors working in environments with high humidity and dust, sensors with diaphragm heat-shrink sealing, diaphragm welding sealing, or vacuum nitrogen-filled sealing should be selected. 3) In highly corrosive environments, such as humidity and acidity, which cause damage to the elastic body or short circuits in sensors, sensors with plastic-sprayed outer surfaces or stainless steel covers, which have good corrosion resistance and good sealing, should be selected. 4) The influence of electromagnetic fields on the disordered output signals of sensors. In this case, the shielding of the sensor should be strictly checked to see if it has good anti-electromagnetic capability. 5) Flammability and explosiveness not only cause thorough damage to sensors but also pose a great threat to other equipment and personal safety. Therefore, sensors working in flammable and explosive environments have higher requirements for explosion-proof performance: in flammable and explosive environments, explosion-proof sensors must be selected. The sealed outer cover of such sensors must consider not only its sealing but also explosion-proof strength, as well as the waterproof, moisture-proof, and explosion-proof properties of the cable lead-out head.

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