German STANDART sensor STANDART model STANDART price

STANDART sensors are sensors that can sense temperature and convert it into a usable output signal. Temperature sensors are the core component of temperature measuring instruments and come in many varieties. According to the measurement method, they can be divided into two major categories: contact and non-contact. According to sensor material and electronic component characteristics, they are divided into two types: resistance thermometers and thermocouples.

STANDART sensor introduction

Sensors used in robots to mimic tactile functions. Tactile sense is an important sensory function when humans directly contact the external environment. Developing tactile sensors that meet requirements is one of the technical keys in robot development. With the development of microelectronics technology and the emergence of various organic materials, a variety of development schemes for tactile sensors have been proposed, but most are currently at the laboratory stage, with few reaching productization. Tactile sensors can be roughly divided by function into contact sensors, force-torque sensors, pressure sensors, and slip sensors.

STANDART sensor classification

Slip sensors are used to judge and measure the slippage of objects when a robot grips or handles them. They are essentially displacement sensors. Depending on whether they have sliding direction detection functionality, they can be divided into three types: non-directional, single-directional, and omni-directional. 1) Non-directional sensors include probe earphone types, which consist of sapphire probes, metal buffers, piezoelectric Rochelle salt crystals, and rubber buffers. Sliding causes the probe to vibrate, which is converted by the Rochelle salt into corresponding electrical signals. The buffer's role is to reduce noise. 2) Single-directional sensors include drum photoelectric types, where slippage of the gripped object causes the drum to rotate, leading to a photodiode receiving light signals transmitted through a code disk (mounted on the drum's circular face). The object's slippage is measured via the drum's rotation angle signal. 3) Omni-directional sensors use metal balls coated with insulating material and constructed with latitudinal and longitudinal distributions of conductive and non-conductive areas. When the sensor contacts an object and slips, the ball rotates, causing the conductive and non-conductive areas on the ball's surface to alternately contact electrodes, thereby generating on/off signals. By counting and judging these on/off signals, the magnitude and direction of slippage can be measured. This type of sensor requires high manufacturing process standards.

STANDART sensor applications

Contact sensors are used to determine whether a robot (mainly referring to limbs) has contacted an external object or to measure the characteristics of the contacted object. Types of contact sensors include micro switches, conductive rubber, carbon-impregnated sponge, carbon fiber, and pneumatic reset devices. 1) Micro switch: Composed of a spring and a contact. When the contact touches an external object, it leaves the base plate, causing the signal path to disconnect, thereby detecting contact with the external object. The advantage of this normally closed (always connected when not contacted) micro switch is ease of use and simple structure; the disadvantages are susceptibility to mechanical oscillation and contact oxidation. 2) Conductive rubber type: Uses conductive rubber as the sensitive element. When the contact touches an external object and is pressed, it compresses the conductive rubber, changing its resistance and thus altering the current flowing through it. The disadvantage of this sensor is that due to differences in the material formulation of the conductive rubber, drift and hysteresis characteristics are inconsistent; the advantage is flexibility. 3) Carbon-impregnated sponge type: It has an elastic body made of sponge mounted on a substrate, with carbon-impregnated sponge arranged in an array within the sponge. When contacting an object under pressure, the resistance of the carbon-impregnated sponge decreases. Measuring the magnitude of the current flowing through the carbon-impregnated sponge determines the degree of pressure. This sensor can also be used as a pressure sensor. Advantages are simple structure, good elasticity, and ease of use. Disadvantages are that the uniformity of carbon distribution directly affects measurement results, and recovery capability after pressure is poor. 4) Carbon fiber type: Uses carbon fiber as the upper layer, a substrate as the lower layer, and urethane and metal electrodes installed in between. When contacting an external object, the carbon fiber is compressed and contacts the electrode to conduct electricity. The advantage is good flexibility, allowing installation on curved surfaces of mechanical arms, but hysteresis is significant. 5) Pneumatic reset type: It has a flexible insulating surface that deforms under pressure and uses compressed air as the resetting force upon losing contact. When contacting an external object, its internal elastic bubble (beryllium copper foil) contacts the lower touch point to conduct electricity. Advantages are good flexibility and high reliability, but a compressed air source is required.

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