German Skalar sensors Skalar models Skalar prices

Skalar sensors are used to measure the robot's own position. Position sensors can be divided into two types: contact sensors and proximity sensors. Sensors that can sense the position of the measured object and convert it into a usable output signal. It is a sensor that can sense the position of the measured object and convert it into a usable output signal. Position sensors can be used to detect position, reflect switches in a certain state. Unlike displacement sensors, position sensors come in two types: contact and proximity.

Skalar sensor classification

Lasers can be divided into 4 types according to the working medium. (1) Solid-state lasers: Their working medium is solid. Commonly used ones include ruby lasers, neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet lasers (i.e., YAG lasers), and neodymium glass lasers. Their structures are roughly similar, characterized by being small, robust, and high-power. Neodymium glass lasers are devices with the highest pulsed output power, reaching tens of megawatts. (2) Gas lasers: Their working medium is gas. There are now various gas atomic, ion, metal vapor, and gas molecule lasers. Commonly used ones include carbon dioxide lasers, helium-neon lasers, and carbon monoxide lasers. Their shape is like ordinary discharge tubes, characterized by stable output, good monochromaticity, and long life, but lower power and lower conversion efficiency. (3) Liquid lasers: They can be further divided into chelate lasers, inorganic liquid lasers, and organic dye lasers. Among them, organic dye lasers are the most important, with the main characteristic of continuously tunable wavelength. (4) Semiconductor lasers: They are a relatively young type of laser, with gallium arsenide lasers being more mature. Characteristics include high efficiency, small size, light weight, and simple structure, suitable for carrying on aircraft, warships, tanks, and by infantry. They can be made into rangefinders and sights. However, the output power is small, directivity is poor, and they are greatly affected by ambient temperature.

Skalar sensor principle

When a laser sensor works, the laser emitting diode first emits laser pulses toward the target. After reflection from the target, the laser scatters in all directions. Part of the scattered light returns to the sensor receiver, is received by the optical system, and imaged onto an avalanche photodiode. An avalanche photodiode is an optical sensor with internal amplification function, so it can detect extremely weak light signals and convert them into corresponding electrical signals. Commonly seen are laser distance sensors, which determine the target distance by recording and processing the time elapsed from the emission of the light pulse to its return and reception. Laser sensors must measure the transmission time extremely precisely because the speed of light is too fast.

Skalar sensor applications

Over-limit detection of vehicle width and height: Laser sensors are used for rapid measurement. The network kernel of PC industrial PCs and visual programming software VB is utilized for real-time data transmission and processing with the sensors. User-friendly host computer control software has also been designed. Field test data shows that the system has good real-time performance, high measurement accuracy, and certain practical value. Highway toll stations: Used at highway toll stations for vehicle counting and safety protection. Malaysia's Teras company has already applied hundreds of sets of BEA laser sensors in its manual and automatic toll station systems. The laser sensors adopt the Time-of-Flight (TOF) measurement principle, forming 4 planes within the detection area to detect vehicles. Meanwhile, the product also features functions such as anti-rear-end collision and vehicle safety protection. Compared with traditional light curtains, laser sensors have advantages such as high sensitivity, high precision, convenient installation, high cost-performance ratio, and strong stability. Google's second-generation unmanned vehicle: Equipped with laser sensors. In Google's second-generation autonomous driving prototype vehicle, besides the top-mounted laser sensor which remains quite obvious, other sensors are set very discreetly. Obvious Google unmanned vehicle logos are posted on the front, rear, and both sides of the vehicle. The control and driving principle of Google's unmanned vehicle is to continuously collect various precise data of the vehicle itself and its surroundings through numerous sensors installed around the car, analyze and calculate via the processor inside the car, and then control the vehicle's movement based on the calculation results. The unmanned vehicle uses GPS equipment and sensors to accurately locate the vehicle's position and forward speed, judging surrounding pedestrians, vehicles, bicycles, traffic lights, and many other objects. On the roof of this Lexus, there is a 360° rotating laser holographic sensor, which can almost simultaneously sense the conditions in front, on the sides, and behind the car. Data collected by the sensor is input into the processor located on the right rear side of the vehicle through green data cables. This laser sensor also allows the unmanned vehicle to achieve global precise positioning. The original L type Lexus emblem on the front of the car was also removed, replaced by a radar sensor; used to measure the distance ahead and vehicle speed, so as to judge the traffic conditions ahead and control safe acceleration and deceleration of the vehicle. Position sensors are also carried on the tire hubs to detect wheel rotation, helping the vehicle with positioning. The heart of the Google unmanned vehicle—the processor—is located on the right rear side of the vehicle. Data information from various sensors is transmitted here through data wires, analyzed and processed by software, so as to precisely sense and judge different objects near the unmanned vehicle. In addition to analyzing and judging the current positions of objects around the unmanned vehicle, the unmanned vehicle also needs to calculate through software to accurately predict the possible next position of each object. Finally, the unmanned vehicle will make safe driving decisions based on all collected data, including controlling vehicle speed and distance from surrounding vehicles.

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