German SIAP sensors SIAP models SIAP prices

SIAP sensors are devices that convert magnetic signals into electrical signals. By utilizing the transformation relationship between magnetic quantities and other physical quantities, with the magnetic field as a medium, they can also convert signals of other non-electrical physical quantities into electrical signals. There are two driving methods: one uses a permanent magnet, and the other uses an electromagnetic coil. The former is mostly used for detection; for example, if a moving part is made of a magnet, it will attract and emit a signal once it approaches the magnetic induction sensor. The latter is mostly used for control; if the electromagnetic coil is energized, the contacts will attract. Using magnetic induction sensors to replace limit switches that rely on collision contact can improve system reliability and service life; therefore, they are often used in programmable logic controllers as signaling devices for position arrival.

SIAP sensor classification

1) Contact sensors: The contacts of contact sensors are actuated by the contact and compression of two objects. Common types include limit switches and two-dimensional matrix position sensors. Limit switches have a simple structure, reliable operation, and low cost. When an object moves and hits a limit switch, its internal contacts actuate to complete control. For example, if limit switches are installed at both ends of the X, Y, and Z axes of a machining center, the movement range can be controlled. Two-dimensional matrix position sensors are installed inside mechanical grippers to detect the contact position with an object. 2) Proximity sensors: A proximity switch is a switch that emits an "actuation" signal when an object approaches within a set distance, without requiring direct contact with the object. There are many types of proximity switches, mainly including electromagnetic, photoelectric, differential transformer, eddy current, capacitive, reed switch, and Hall effect types. The application of proximity switches on CNC machine tools mainly includes tool selection control for the tool turret, worktable travel control, and piston stroke control for hydraulic and pneumatic cylinders.

SIAP sensor working principle

Crankshaft position sensors are usually installed at the front end of the crankshaft (at the pulley), at the rear end near the large flywheel, or in the middle of the crankshaft. Early vehicle models also had them installed inside the distributor. They are one of the most important sensors in the control system. Their functions include: detecting engine speed, hence they are also called speed sensors; detecting the top dead center (TDC) position of the piston, hence they are also called TDC sensors. This includes detecting the TDC signal for each cylinder used for ignition control, and the TDC signal for the first cylinder used for sequential fuel injection control.

SIAP sensor industry applications

1) Brushless DC motors: The position sensor is one of the three main components of a brushless DC motor system and is the main feature distinguishing it from brushed DC motors. Its function is to detect the position of the main rotor during motion, convert the position signal of the rotor magnet poles into an electrical signal, and provide correct commutation information to the logic switching circuit to control their conduction and cutoff. This causes the current in the motor armature windings to commutate sequentially according to changes in rotor position, forming a stepwise rotating magnetic field in the air gap that drives the permanent magnet rotor to rotate continuously. Brushless DC motors require position sensors to measure rotor position. The motor controller receives position sensor signals to synchronize inverter commutation with the rotor, driving continuous motor operation. Although brushless DC motors can detect rotor position via back electromotive force generated in the stator windings, thereby eliminating the need for position sensors, the back EMF signal is too weak to detect during startup due to low speed. Hall effect sensor chips used as position sensors for brushless DC motors are divided into switching and latching types. For electric bicycle motors, both types of Hall effect sensor chips can be used to accurately measure the position of the rotor magnets. The performance of brushless DC motors made with these two types of Hall effect sensor chips, including output power, efficiency, and torque, shows no difference, and they are compatible with the same motor controllers. The application of position sensors reduces motor operating noise, improves motor life and performance, and achieves energy savings. The application of position sensors undoubtedly provides strong impetus to the development of the motor market. 2) Crankshaft and camshaft: The function of the position sensor is to collect crankshaft rotation angle and engine speed signals and input them to the electronic control unit (ECu) to determine ignition timing and fuel injection timing. To distinguish it from the crankshaft position sensor (CPS), the camshaft position sensor is generally denoted as CIS. The function of the camshaft position sensor is to collect the position signal of the valve train camshaft and input it to ECU, so that ECU can identify the compression TDC of cylinder 1, thereby performing sequential fuel injection control, ignition timing control, and knock control. In addition, the camshaft position signal is used to identify the first ignition timing during engine start-up. Because the camshaft position sensor can identify which cylinder's piston is about to reach top dead center, it is called a cylinder identification sensor.

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