German REGINA SCHIELE sensors, REGINA SCHIELE models, REGINA SCHIELE prices

REGINA SCHIELE sensors generally consist of 2 parts: the processing path and the processing element. The basic principle is based on the photoelectric effect, converting changes in the measured quantity into changes in optical signals, and then using photoelectric components to further convert non-electrical signals into electrical signals. The photoelectric effect refers to illuminating an object with light, which can be viewed as a stream of photons with specific energy bombarding the object. At this time, the photon energy is transferred to electrons, and the entire energy of one photon is absorbed by one electron at once. After receiving the energy transmitted by the photon, the state of the electron changes, causing the illuminated object to produce a corresponding electrical effect. The photoelectric effect is usually divided into 3 categories: (1) The phenomenon where electrons escape from the surface of an object under the action of light is called the external photoelectric effect, such as in phototubes and photomultiplier tubes; (2) The phenomenon where the resistivity of an object changes under the action of light is called the internal photoelectric effect, such as in photoresistors and phototransistors; (3) The phenomenon where an object generates an electromotive force in a specific direction under the action of light is called the photovoltaic effect, such as in photocells.

REGINA SCHIELE sensor features

Currently, baffles can be designed according to the water flow rate to reduce water resistance caused by water flowing through the flow sensor, thereby reducing head loss in the water system. However, due to long-term impact from water flow, baffles still suffer from fatigue issues, and setpoint drift may occur even if the flow value was calibrated at the factory. They are typically used in applications where precise protection of flow values is not required, i.e., for break-flow protection against sudden interruptions in water pipes. In China, there are very few designs specifically for water-source heat pump units. The baffle type is specifically developed for water flow monitoring in water-loop/ground-source heat pump air conditioning units. It is equipped with different baffles for different pipe diameters. The water resistance of each baffle does not exceed 0.5 meters of water column, which is significantly lower than that of target-type sensors. Each baffle-type flow sensor is equipped with pipe fittings identical to those of the water-loop heat pump unit's water pipes. On-site installation only requires connecting to the water pipe without any modification to the baffle. Additionally, the pressure rating of the baffle-type flow switch is greater than 25bar, making it a low-cost flow switch for water-loop heat pump units with less stringent flow requirements. Feedback from use in water-loop/ground-source heat pump units shows that differential pressure switches can effectively identify problems in the on-site installation of water piping for water-loop heat pump units, completely avoiding heat exchanger freezing caused by low water flow. Flow sensors can also protect against heat exchanger freezing due to reduced water flow caused by clogged water filters. Furthermore, water pipe differential pressure switches do not carry the risk of fatigue failure associated with target flow switches. Especially when there is a small amount of air in the water pipes, the flow sensor operates very stably without floating issues similar to those seen in target flow switches. Feedback from years of use has not revealed any faults in the differential pressure switch itself.

REGINA SCHIELE sensor principles

Basic principles and types of ultrasonic flowmeters: When ultrasonic waves propagate in a flowing fluid, they carry information about the fluid's flow velocity. Therefore, the fluid's flow velocity can be detected by receiving the ultrasonic waves, and thus converted into flow rate. Depending on the detection method, ultrasonic flowmeters can be classified into different types such as transit-time difference method, Doppler method, beam deflection method, noise method, and correlation method. Ultrasonic flowmeters are a type of non-contact instrument that has only begun to be applied in the last decade or so with the rapid development of integrated circuit technology. They are suitable for measuring fluids that are difficult to contact and observe, as well as large-diameter pipe flows. Linked with water level gauges, they can measure open-channel flow. Using ultrasonic flow measurement does not require installing measurement elements in the fluid, so it does not change the fluid's flow state or generate additional resistance. Instrument installation and maintenance do not affect production pipeline operation, making it an ideal energy-saving flowmeter. Industrial flow measurement commonly faces difficulties in measuring large pipe diameters and high flow rates. This is because general flowmeters incur manufacturing and transportation difficulties, increased costs, and higher energy losses as the measurement pipe diameter increases. Ultrasonic flowmeters avoid these disadvantages. Since all types of ultrasonic flowmeters can be installed externally for non-contact flow measurement, the instrument cost is basically unrelated to the measured pipe diameter. In contrast, the cost of other types of flowmeters increases substantially with diameter. Therefore, the larger the diameter, the more superior the cost-performance ratio of ultrasonic flowmeters compared to other types with similar functions. They are considered excellent instruments for large-diameter flow measurement. Doppler method ultrasonic flowmeters can measure two-phase media flow, making them suitable for measuring dirty flows such as sewage and wastewater. In power plants.

REGINA SCHIELE sensor selection

When selecting flow sensors, users should choose suitable sensors based on their own needs. Many users have different requirements for the sensors they use, so the selected standards vary. If highly professional data and results are required, national standards should be selected. However, if the sensor is only used as a simple instrument within an enterprise for rough analysis, enterprise standards can be selected. When purchasing flow sensors, everyone must consider carefully and choose sensors with guaranteed quality and good usability. Many people assume that new sensors have higher technology, which is a very one-sided view. New products must possess mature technology to be considered good products. In many economic sectors, accurate flow measurement has become very important. Nowadays, sensors are basically used to measure flow quantities. Sensors sense fluid flow and convert it into usable output signals. Installing sensors makes operation simpler and more convenient. The quantity of flowing objects passing through per unit time is called flow rate. Different flow sensors are used for different objects, often distinguished by the measured medium and measurement method. Flow sensors are generally used for the flow of media fluids in industrial pipelines. Under normal circumstances, there are various media such as gases, liquids, and steam. Several types of flow sensors can be universal for these various media. The first type is the vortex flow sensor. Another type is the ultrasonic flow sensor. With the development of ultrasonic technology, ultrasonic flow sensors can generally measure the flow of most flowing objects. Ultrasonic flow sensors have various measurement methods, each with its own characteristics. We should select based on factors such as the properties of the measured fluid, flow velocity distribution, pipeline installation location, and accuracy requirements. Due to the common difficulties in industrial flow measurement regarding large pipe diameters and high flow rates—because general flow sensors bring manufacturing and transportation difficulties, increased costs, and higher energy losses as the measurement pipe diameter increases—ultrasonic flowmeters avoid these disadvantages. The flow measurement accuracy of ultrasonic flow sensors is hardly affected by parameters such as temperature, pressure, viscosity, and density of the measured fluid. They can also be made into non-contact and portable measuring instruments, thus solving flow measurement problems for strongly corrosive, non-conductive, radioactive, and flammable/explosive media that are difficult to measure with other types of instruments.

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