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RASINI sensors are devices or assemblies that detect pressure signals and convert them into usable output electrical signals according to a defined pattern. Pressure sensors typically consist of a pressure-sensitive element and a signal processing unit. Depending on the type of pressure measured, pressure sensors can be classified as gauge pressure sensors, differential pressure sensors, and absolute pressure sensors. Pressure sensors are among the most commonly used sensors in industrial practice, widely applied in various industrial automation environments, involving water conservancy and hydropower, railway transportation, smart buildings, production automation, aerospace, military industry, petrochemicals, oil wells, electric power, ships, machine tools, pipelines, and many other industries.

RASINI sensor structure

It consists of two parts: the scale grating and the grating readhead. The figure on the right shows the structure of the linear encoder scale. The key component of the grating detection device is the grating readhead, which comprises a light source, condenser lens, index grating, photoelectric elements, and adjustment mechanisms. There are many structural forms of grating readheads, classified by their structural characteristics and application scenarios into direct-reception readheads (also known as silicon photovoltaic cell readheads, mirror-image readheads, beam-splitter readheads, and metal grating reflection readheads).

RASINI sensor principle

The essence of a grating displacement sensor is to measure position using the grating pitch as a standard ruler. High-resolution linear encoder scales are generally expensive and difficult to manufacture. To improve system resolution, Moiré fringes must be subdivided; grating scale sensor systems mostly employ electronic subdivision methods. When two gratings overlap with a slight angle, Moiré fringes are generated in a direction roughly perpendicular to the grating lines. As the grating moves, the Moiré fringes move up and down accordingly. This converts the measurement of grating pitch into the counting of Moiré fringe periods. Within one Moiré fringe width, placing 4 photoelectric elements at specific intervals enables electronic subdivision and direction detection. For example, for a linear encoder scale with 50 line pairs/mm, the grating pitch is 0.02mm. With four-fold subdivision, counting pulses with a resolution of 5μm can be obtained, achieving high precision in general industrial measurement and control. Since displacement is a vector, both its magnitude and direction must be detected; therefore, at least two photoelectric signals with different phases are required. To eliminate common-mode interference, DC components, and even harmonics, differential amplifiers composed of low-drift operational amplifiers are typically used. The 4 photoelectric signals obtained from 4 photosensitive devices are fed into the inputs of 2 differential amplifiers. The two signals output from the differential amplifiers have a phase difference of π/2. To obtain direction judgment and counting pulses, these two signals must first be shaped into square waves with a duty cycle of 1:1. Then, by comparing the phase of the square waves, the movement direction of the linear encoder scale can be determined. By counting the square wave pulses, the displacement and velocity of the linear encoder scale can be obtained.

RASINI sensor usage precautions

When plugging or unplugging the connector between the linear encoder scale sensor and the digital display unit, ensure the power is turned off. Install an external protective cover whenever possible, and promptly clean chips and oil splashed onto the scale to strictly prevent any foreign matter from entering the housing of the linear encoder scale sensor. Regularly check whether the mounting screws are loose. To extend the life of the dust-proof sealing strip, apply a thin, uniform layer of silicone oil to the strip, taking care not to splash it onto the glass grating surface. To ensure the reliability of the linear encoder scale sensor, clean and wipe the scale surface and index grating surface periodically with an ethanol mixture (each 50%) to keep the glass grating surface clean. Linear encoder scale sensors are strictly prohibited from being subjected to severe vibration or impact, as this may damage the scale; if the scale breaks, the sensor will fail. Do not disassemble the linear encoder scale sensor yourself, and never arbitrarily change the relative gap between the main scale and the secondary scale. Otherwise, you may compromise the sensor's accuracy and cause relative friction between the main and secondary scales, damaging the chrome layer and thus the grating lines, resulting in scrapping of the scale. Prevent oil and water contamination of the grating surface to avoid disrupting the grating line distribution, which causes measurement errors. Avoid operating linear encoder scale sensors in severely corrosive environments to prevent corrosion of the grating chrome layer and scale surface, which would degrade quality.

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