German PUBLIRAMA sensors, PUBLIRAMA models, PUBLIRAMA prices

PUBLIRAMA sensors, also known as displacement sensors, are a type of sensor used to detect the distance to an object to perform a preset function, and have achieved widespread adoption. Main products include mobile phone proximity sensors and long-distance measurement sensors, applied in smart belts. Distance sensors can be classified into optical distance sensors, infrared distance sensors, ultrasonic distance sensors, and others based on their working principles. Most distance sensors used in mobile phones are infrared distance sensors, which feature an infrared emitting tube and an infrared receiving tube. When the infrared light emitted by the transmitting tube is received by the receiving tube, it indicates a short distance, requiring the screen to be turned off to prevent accidental operation. When the receiving tube does not receive the infrared light emitted by the transmitting tube, it indicates a long distance, and the screen does not need to be turned off. The working principles of other types of distance sensors are similar; they determine distance by emitting and receiving a substance, such as ultrasonic waves or light pulses.

PUBLIRAMA sensor classification

1) Laser speed measurement: With the rise of precision manufacturing and the demand for cost savings, non-contact speed sensors are gradually replacing contact speed sensors. Currently, the most accurate and commonly used non-contact laser speed sensor on the market is the ZLS-Px chromatic aberration speed sensor. The chromatic aberration speed sensor has two ports: one emission port that emits LED light source, and one high-speed photography port that achieves CCD area high-speed imaging comparison. By comparing images at two time points within an extremely short period, the distance moved by the measured object is determined, and combined with internal algorithms, the sensor outputs the object's speed in real time. As shown in the figure, (1)LED light emission port, (2) camera reception port, (3), (4) terminal blocks, (5) mounting screw holes. (1)LED light emission port directs laser at the measured object, which reflects to the (2) camera reception port. Upon receiving the signal, it is transmitted to the signal processor, which calculates the speed via algorithms. The ZLS-Px chromatic aberration speed sensor can simultaneously measure speed and length in two directions. It can detect not only whether the measured object has stopped but also its direction of motion. Mount the sensor on a stable bracket to ensure that the rotating object does not generate excessive vibration during rotation, thereby allowing measurement of the rotation angle and speed of the rotating object. 2) Radar speed measurement: Traditional speed measurement mostly involves rotational motion speed measurement and linear motion speed measurement. However, there are many irregular speed measurements in industrial automation, such as athlete speed measurement, traffic vehicle speed measurement, and golf ball speed measurement. Radar speed sensors can meet these requirements.

PUBLIRAMA sensor principle

A transmissive speed sensor consists of a slotted or apertured disk, a light source, and a phototube. When the disk rotates with the shaft under test, light can reach the phototube only through the holes or slots. When the phototube is illuminated, its reverse resistance is very low, and it outputs an electrical pulse signal. When the light source is blocked by the disk, the reverse resistance of the phototube is very high, and no signal is output at the output terminal. Thus, based on the number of holes or slots on the disk, the rotational speed of the shaft under test can be measured. The number of holes or slots on the disk is usually set to sixty, so that for each revolution of the shaft under test, the photoelectric converter outputs 60 pulse signals. If the time base signal of the electronic counter is set to 1s, the rotational speed of the shaft under test can be read directly. The principle of a reflective speed sensor is the same as that of a transmissive one; it converts changes in received light into changes in electrical signals via a phototube, but it obtains pulse signals through light reflection, typically by adhering reflective material to the measurement area of the shaft under test to form a reflective surface. Commonly used reflective materials are special-purpose speed-measurement reflective paper tapes (adhesive tapes); aluminum foil or other reflective materials may also be used as substitutes; sometimes white paint can be applied to the measurement area to serve as a reflective surface. The emitter and the reflective surface must be properly configured, typically with a distance of 5-15M between them. When the measured shaft rotates, the photoelectric element receives pulsed light, and outputs the corresponding electrical signal to the electronic counter, thereby measuring the rotational speed of the measured shaft. The waveform of the output signal from the photoelectric speed sensor is relatively regular, close to a standard square wave, with virtually no interference signals generated. However, for transmissive types, vibration can reduce the lifespan of the light source, so they are not suitable for use in conditions with strong vibration. The reflective type has no mechanical connection with the measured shaft, making it convenient to use.

PUBLIRAMA sensor industry applications

1) Modern vehicles are generally equipped with engine control, autonomous driving, ABS, TRC, automatic door locking, active suspension, guidance systems, electronic instruments, and other devices, all of which require vehicle speed signals. Therefore, the accuracy and stability of the output signals from speed measurement sensors will greatly affect these control units. Automotive speed sensors mostly adopt a Hall-effect structure. Hall speed sensors are magnetoelectric sensors based on the Hall effect, featuring high magnetic field sensitivity, stable output signals, high frequency response, strong anti-electromagnetic interference capability, simple structure, and ease of use. They mainly consist of permanent magnets with a specific number of pole pairs (generally 4 or 8 pairs), Hall elements, rotating mechanisms, and input/output connectors. Their working principle is that when the sensor's rotating mechanism rotates under external drive, it drives the permanent magnet to rotate, causing periodic changes in the magnetic field passing through the Hall element. This causes changes in the output voltage of the Hall element, which is processed by subsequent circuits to form stable pulse voltage signals as the output of the speed sensor. Key electrical technical parameters of Hall-structure speed sensors include: output signal high voltage, low voltage, duty cycle, period, rise time, fall time, and pulses per period. To ensure product performance reliability, these parameters must be quantitatively tested before factory shipment. Test systems featuring integration and intelligence, efficient automatic measurement, software calculation, and graphical or tabular display of test results are increasingly favored by automotive speed sensor manufacturers. A comprehensive testing device developed for performance measurement of common Hall-effect vehicle speed sensors. Considering cost, the high-speed counter port of a microprocessor is used for data acquisition from the vehicle speed sensor, and software control is used to calculate and graphically display the acquired data. The completed testing device offers advantages such as high testing accuracy, reliable data communication, a user-friendly graphical interface, strong anti-interference capability, simple and intuitive testing process, and low system development cost. It has good market promotion potential, so speed sensors will have huge application prospects in vehicle speed detection. 2) Speed sensors for belt conveyors adopt Hall sensors, which are sensors that utilize the Hall effect to achieve magnetoelectric conversion. The Hall effect was discovered in 1879 and has a development history of over 100 years. However, its application gained attention and widespread adoption in the 50s of this century due to the rapid development of microelectronics, leading to the continuous development of various Hall elements. China began increasing research on Hall elements in the 20s of the 70th century. After nearly several decades of research and development, it is now possible to produce Hall elements with various performances, such as standard type, high sensitivity type, low temperature coefficient type, temperature/magnetic measurement type, and switch-type Hall elements. Due to the characteristics of Hall sensors, such as high sensitivity, good linearity, high stability, small size, and high temperature resistance, they have been widely applied in various industrial fields, including non-electrical quantity measurement automatic control, computer devices, and modern military technology.

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