German PESSOT sensors PESSOT models PESSOT prices

PESSOT sensors are sensors used to measure the robot's own position. Position sensors can be divided into two types: contact sensors and proximity sensors. Sensors that can sense the position of the measured object and convert it into a usable output signal. It is a sensor that can sense the position of the measured object and convert it into a usable output signal. Position sensors can be used to detect position, reflect switches in certain states. Unlike displacement sensors, position sensors come in contact and proximity types.

PESSOT Sensor Introduction

Sensors used in robots to mimic tactile functions. Tactile sense is an important sensory function when humans directly contact the external environment. Developing tactile sensors that meet requirements is one of the technical keys in robot development. With the development of microelectronics technology and the emergence of various organic materials, a variety of development schemes for tactile sensors have been proposed, but most are currently in the laboratory stage, with few reaching productization. Tactile sensors can be roughly divided by function into contact sensors, force-torque sensors, pressure sensors, and slip sensors.

PESSOT Sensor Classification

Slip sensors are used to judge and measure the slippage generated by objects when robots grasp or handle them. They are essentially a type of displacement sensor. They can be divided into three categories based on whether they have sliding direction detection functionality: non-directional, single-directional, and omni-directional. 1) Non-directional sensors include probe-earphone types, which consist of sapphire probes, metal buffers, piezoelectric Rochelle salt crystals, and rubber buffers. Sliding causes the probe to vibrate, which is converted into corresponding electrical signals by the Rochelle salt. The buffer's role is to reduce noise. 2) Single-directional sensors include drum photoelectric types. Slippage of the grasped object causes the drum to rotate, leading to a photodiode receiving light signals through a code disk (mounted on the drum's circular face). The object's slippage is measured via the drum's rotation angle signal. 3) Omni-directional sensors use metal balls coated with insulating material and composed of latitudinal and longitudinal distributions of conductive and non-conductive areas. When the sensor contacts an object and slides, the ball rotates, causing the conductive and non-conductive areas on the ball's surface to alternately contact electrodes, thereby generating on/off signals. By counting and judging these on/off signals, the magnitude and direction of slippage can be measured. This type of sensor requires high manufacturing process standards.

PESSOT Sensor Applications

Tactile sensors are used to determine whether a robot (mainly referring to limbs) is in contact with external objects or to measure the characteristics of the contacted objects. Types of tactile sensors include micro switches, conductive rubber, carbon-loaded sponge, carbon fiber, and pneumatic reset devices. 1) Micro switch: Composed of a spring and contacts. When the contacts touch an external object, they move away from the base, causing the signal path to break, thereby detecting contact with the external object. The advantage of this normally closed (always connected when not in contact) micro switch is its ease of use and simple structure, while the disadvantages are susceptibility to mechanical oscillation and contact oxidation. 2) Conductive rubber type: It uses conductive rubber as the sensitive element. When the contacts touch an external object and are compressed, the conductive rubber is pressed, changing its resistance and thus altering the current flowing through it. The disadvantage of this sensor is that due to variations in the material formulation of the conductive rubber, drift and hysteresis characteristics are inconsistent; the advantage is its flexibility. 3) Carbon-loaded sponge type: It has an elastic body made of sponge mounted on a substrate, with carbon-loaded sponges arranged in an array within the sponge. When the contacted object is compressed, the resistance of the carbon-loaded sponge decreases. By measuring the magnitude of the current flowing through the carbon-loaded sponge, the degree of compression can be determined. This sensor can also be used as a pressure sensor. The advantages are simple structure, good elasticity, and ease of use. The disadvantages are that the uniformity of carbon distribution directly affects measurement results, and recovery after compression is poor. 4) Carbon fiber type: The upper layer is carbon fiber, the lower layer is a substrate, and urethane and metal electrodes are installed in between. When contacting an external object, the carbon fiber is compressed and makes contact with the electrodes to conduct electricity. The advantage is good flexibility, allowing installation on curved surfaces of robotic arms, but hysteresis is significant. 5) Pneumatic reset type: It has a flexible insulating surface that deforms under pressure, and uses compressed air as the resetting force when contact is lost. When in contact with an external object, the internal elastic dome (beryllium copper foil) contacts the lower contacts to conduct electricity. The advantages are good flexibility and high reliability, but a compressed air source is required.

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