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NEGELAP sensors are devices that convert optical signals into electrical signals. Their operating principle is based on the photoelectric effect. The photoelectric effect refers to the phenomenon where electrons in a material absorb photon energy when light strikes certain substances, resulting in corresponding electrical effects. Based on the different manifestations of the photoelectric effect, it is categorized into three types: external photoelectric effect, internal photoelectric effect, and photovoltaic effect. Photoelectric devices include phototubes, photomultiplier tubes, photoresistors, photodiodes, phototransistors, and photocells. The performance and characteristic curves of photoelectric devices are analyzed.

NEGELAP sensor principle

Optical measurement and control systems vary widely depending on how luminous flux acts on photoelectric elements. Based on the nature of the output from the photoelectric element (optical measurement and control system), they can be divided into two categories: analog photoelectric sensors and pulse (switching) photoelectric sensors. Analog photoelectric sensors convert the measured variable into a continuously changing photocurrent, maintaining a single-valued relationship with the measured variable. Analog photoelectric sensors are further classified into three types based on the method of measuring the target object: transmission (absorption) type, diffuse reflection type, and beam interruption (light blocking) type. Transmission type refers to placing the measured object in the light path, where light energy from a constant source passes through the object, is partially absorbed, and the transmitted light strikes the photoelectric element. Diffuse reflection type refers to light from a constant source striking the measured object and reflecting off its surface onto the photoelectric element. Beam interruption type refers to the scenario where the object blocks part of the luminous flux from the source, altering the amount of light reaching the photoelectric element; the degree of change depends on the object's position in the light path.

NEGELAP sensor features

1) Long detection distance: By maintaining a detection distance of 10m or more in through-beam configurations, it achieves long-range detection impossible with other methods (magnetic, ultrasonic, etc.). 2) Few restrictions on detected objects: Since the detection principle relies on light blocking and reflection caused by the object, unlike proximity sensors that limit detection to metals, it can detect almost any object, including glass, plastic, wood, and liquids. 3) Short response time: Light itself travels at high speed, and the sensor circuitry consists entirely of electronic components, eliminating mechanical operating time, resulting in very short response times. 4) High resolution: Advanced design techniques focus the emitted light beam into a small spot, or specialized receiving optical systems are employed to achieve high resolution. This allows for the detection of tiny objects and high-precision position detection. 5) Non-contact detection possible: Detection occurs without mechanical contact with the object, preventing damage to both the object and the sensor, thereby enabling long-term use. 6) Color discrimination possible: The reflectance and absorptance of light formed by the detected object vary depending on the wavelength of the incident light and the color of the object. Utilizing this property allows for color detection of the object. 7) Easy adjustment: In types emitting visible light, the beam is visible to the eye, facilitating easy adjustment of the object's position.

NEGELAP sensor applications

Photoelectric sensors using photoelectric elements as sensitive components are diverse and widely used. Based on the nature of the output, they are divided into two categories: (1) Photoelectric measuring instruments that convert the measured variable into a continuously changing photocurrent. These are used to measure physical quantities such as light intensity, object temperature, translucency, displacement, and surface condition. Examples include lux meters for measuring light intensity, photoelectric pyrometers, photoelectric colorimeters, turbidimeters, photoelectric fire alarms, and automatic inspection devices and instruments for checking the diameter, length, ovality, and surface roughness of machined parts, all of which use photoelectric elements as their sensitive components. Semiconductor photoelectric elements are widely applied not only in civil industrial fields but also hold significant importance in military applications. For example, lead sulfide photoresistors can be used to make infrared night vision devices, infrared cameras, and infrared navigation systems; (2) Devices that convert the measured variable into a continuously changing photocurrent. Various photoelectric automatic devices are made using the characteristic of photoelectric elements to output "on" or "off" electrical signals when exposed to light or darkness. Photoelectric elements serve as switching photoelectric conversion components. Examples include photoelectric input devices for computers, switching temperature control devices, and digital photoelectric tachometers for speed measurement.

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