German MULLER ACIERS sensors, MULLER ACIERS models, MULLER ACIERS prices

MULLER ACIERS sensors are devices or units that can sense pressure signals and convert them into usable output electrical signals according to a specific pattern. Pressure sensors typically consist of a pressure-sensitive element and a signal processing unit. Depending on the type of test pressure, pressure sensors can be classified into gauge pressure sensors, differential pressure sensors, and absolute pressure sensors. Pressure sensors are one of the most commonly used sensors in industrial practice, widely applied in various industrial automation environments, involving water conservancy and hydropower, railway transportation, smart buildings, production automation control, aerospace, military industry, petrochemicals, oil wells, electric power, ships, machine tools, pipelines, and many other industries.

MULLER ACIERS sensor structure

It consists of two parts: the scale grating and the grating readhead. The figure on the right shows the structure of the linear encoder scale. The key part of the grating detection device is the grating readhead, which is composed of a light source, condensing lens, index grating, photoelectric elements, and adjustment mechanisms. There are many structural forms of grating readheads, which are divided into direct-receiving readheads (also known as silicon photovoltaic cell readheads), mirror-image readheads, beam-splitter readheads, and metal grating reflective readheads based on their structural characteristics and application scenarios.

MULLER ACIERS sensor principle

The essence of a grating displacement sensor is to measure position using the grating pitch as a standard ruler. High-resolution linear encoder scales are generally expensive and difficult to manufacture. To improve system resolution, Moiré fringes need to be subdivided; grating scale sensor systems mostly use electronic subdivision methods. When two gratings overlap with a slight inclination angle, Moiré fringes are generated in a direction roughly perpendicular to the grating lines. As the grating moves, the Moiré fringes move up and down accordingly. This converts the measurement of the grating pitch into the measurement of the number of Moiré fringes. Within the width of one Moiré fringe, placing 4 photoelectric devices at certain intervals can achieve electronic subdivision and direction determination functions. For example, for a grating scale with 50 line pairs/mm, its grating pitch is 0.02mm. If four-fold subdivision is adopted, counting pulses with a resolution of 5μm can be obtained, which has reached a very high precision in general industrial measurement and control. Since displacement is a vector, both its magnitude and direction must be detected; therefore, at least two photoelectric signals with different phases are required. To eliminate common-mode interference, DC components, and even harmonics, a differential amplifier composed of low-drift operational amplifiers is usually used. The 4 photoelectric signals obtained from 4 photosensitive devices are sent to the input terminals of 2 differential amplifiers respectively. The two signals output from the differential amplifier have a phase difference of π/2. To obtain direction determination and counting pulses, these two signals need to be shaped, first into square waves with a duty cycle of 1:1. Then, by comparing the phase of the square waves, the movement direction of the grating scale can be determined. By counting the square wave pulses, the displacement and speed of the grating scale can be obtained.

MULLER ACIERS sensor usage precautions

When plugging and unplugging the connector of the linear encoder sensor and the digital readout unit, ensure the power is turned off. Install an external protective cover whenever possible, and promptly remove chips and oil splashed onto the scale to strictly prevent any foreign matter from entering the housing of the linear encoder sensor. Regularly check whether the mounting and connection screws are loose. To extend the service life of the dust-proof sealing strip, apply a thin, even layer of silicone oil to the strip, taking care not to let it splash onto the glass grating etched surface. To ensure the reliability of the linear encoder sensor, clean and wipe the glass grating scale surface and the index grating surface at regular intervals using an ethanol mixture (50%), keeping the glass grating scale surface clean. The linear encoder sensor must be protected from severe vibration and impact to avoid damaging the grating scale; if the grating scale breaks, the sensor will fail. Do not disassemble the linear encoder sensor yourself, and never arbitrarily change the relative gap between the main grating scale and the secondary grating scale. Doing so may compromise the accuracy of the sensor and cause relative friction between the main and secondary grating scales, damaging the chrome layer and thus the grating lines, which renders the grating scale unusable. Take care to prevent oil and water from contaminating the grating scale surface, as this can disrupt the distribution of the grating lines and cause measurement errors. Avoid operating the linear encoder sensor in environments with severe corrosive effects, to prevent corrosion of the grating chrome layer and the grating scale surface, which would degrade the quality of the grating scale.

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