German MARTIPLAST sensor MARTIPLAST model MARTIPLAST price

MARTIPLAST sensors are used to detect angles. There is a hole in its body that can accommodate a LEGO axle. When connected to RCX, the angle sensor counts once for every 1/16 revolution of the axle. When rotating in one direction, the count increases; when the direction of rotation changes, the count decreases. The count is related to the initial position of the angle sensor. When initializing the angle sensor, its count value is set to 0. If necessary, you can reset it via programming.

MARTIPLAST sensor introduction

Sensors used in robots to mimic tactile functions. Tactile sense is an important sensory function when humans directly contact the external environment. Developing tactile sensors that meet requirements is one of the key technologies in robot development. With the development of microelectronics and the emergence of various organic materials, a variety of development schemes for tactile sensors have been proposed, but most are currently at the laboratory stage, with few reaching productization. Tactile sensors can be roughly divided by function into contact sensors, force-torque sensors, pressure sensors, and slip sensors.

MARTIPLAST sensor classification

Slip sensors are used to determine and measure the slippage of objects when a robot grips or handles them. They are essentially displacement sensors. Depending on whether they have sliding direction detection capabilities, they can be divided into three categories: non-directional, single-directional, and omni-directional. 1) Non-directional sensors include probe-earpiece types, which consist of sapphire probes, metal buffers, piezoelectric Rochelle salt crystals, and rubber buffers. Sliding causes the probe to vibrate, which is converted into corresponding electrical signals by the Rochelle salt. The buffer's role is to reduce noise. 2) Single-directional sensors include drum photoelectric types, where slippage of the gripped object causes the drum to rotate, leading to a photodiode receiving light signals through a code disk (mounted on the drum's circular face). The object's slippage is measured via the drum's rotation angle signal. 3) Omni-directional sensors use metal balls coated with insulating material and featuring a latitudinal and longitudinal distribution of conductive and non-conductive areas. When the sensor contacts an object and slides, the ball rotates, causing the conductive and non-conductive areas on the ball's surface to alternately contact electrodes, thereby generating on/off signals. By counting and judging these on/off signals, the magnitude and direction of slippage can be determined. This type of sensor requires high manufacturing precision.

MARTIPLAST sensor applications

Tactile sensors are used to determine whether a robot (mainly referring to limbs) is in contact with external objects or to measure the characteristics of the contacted objects. Types of tactile sensors include micro switches, conductive rubber, carbon-impregnated sponge, carbon fiber, and pneumatic reset devices. 1) Micro switch: Composed of a spring and contacts. When the contacts touch an external object, they move away from the base, causing the signal path to disconnect, thereby detecting contact with the external object. The advantage of this normally closed (always connected when not in contact) micro switch is its ease of use and simple structure; the disadvantage is that it is prone to mechanical oscillation and contact oxidation. 2) Conductive rubber type: It uses conductive rubber as the sensitive element. When the contacts touch an external object and are compressed, the conductive rubber is pressed, changing its resistance and thus altering the current flowing through the conductive rubber. The disadvantage of this sensor is that due to differences in the material formulation of the conductive rubber, the resulting drift and hysteresis characteristics are inconsistent; the advantage is its flexibility. 3) Carbon-impregnated sponge type: It has an elastic body made of sponge mounted on a substrate, with carbon-impregnated sponge arranged in an array within the sponge. When the contacted object is compressed, the resistance of the carbon-impregnated sponge decreases. By measuring the magnitude of the current flowing through the carbon-impregnated sponge, the degree of compression can be determined. This sensor can also be used as a pressure sensor. The advantages are simple structure, good elasticity, and ease of use. The disadvantages are that the uniformity of carbon distribution directly affects the measurement results, and the recovery ability after compression is poor. 4) Carbon fiber type: The upper layer is carbon fiber, the lower layer is a substrate, and urethane and metal electrodes are installed in between. When contacting an external object, the carbon fiber is compressed and makes contact with the electrodes to conduct electricity. The advantage is good flexibility, allowing installation on curved surfaces of robotic arms, but the hysteresis is significant. 5) Pneumatic reset type: It has a flexible insulating surface that deforms under pressure, and uses compressed air as the resetting force when contact is broken. When in contact with an external object, the internal elastic dome (beryllium copper foil) contacts the lower contacts to conduct electricity. The advantages are good flexibility and high reliability, but it requires a compressed air source.

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