German ITECTRON sensors ITECTRON models ITECTRON prices

ITECTRON sensors are devices that convert optical signals into electrical signals. Their operating principle is based on the photoelectric effect. The photoelectric effect refers to the phenomenon where electrons in a material absorb photon energy upon illumination, resulting in corresponding electrical effects. Based on the different manifestations of the photoelectric effect, it is classified into three categories: external photoelectric effect, internal photoelectric effect, and photovoltaic effect. Photoelectric devices include phototubes, photomultiplier tubes, photoresistors, photodiodes, phototransistors, and solar cells. The performance and characteristic curves of photoelectric devices are analyzed.

ITECTRON sensor classification

Lasers can be classified into 4 types based on the working medium. (1) Solid-state lasers: The working medium is solid. Common types include ruby lasers, neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet lasers (i.e., YAG lasers), and neodymium glass lasers. Their structures are largely similar, characterized by compactness, robustness, and high power. Neodymium glass lasers achieve the highest pulsed output power, reaching tens of megawatts. (2) Gas lasers: The working medium is gas. Various gas atomic, ion, metal vapor, and gas molecular lasers are available. Common types include carbon dioxide lasers, helium-neon lasers, and carbon monoxide lasers. Shaped like standard discharge tubes, they feature stable output, good monochromaticity, and long service life, but have lower power and conversion efficiency. (3) Liquid lasers: These are further divided into chelate lasers, inorganic liquid lasers, and organic dye lasers, with organic dye lasers being the most important due to their continuously tunable wavelength. (4) Semiconductor lasers: A relatively newer type of laser, with gallium arsenide lasers being the more mature variant. They are characterized by high efficiency, small size, light weight, and simple structure, making them suitable for airborne, naval, and tank applications, as well as portable use by infantry. They can be fabricated into rangefinders and sights. However, they have lower output power, poorer directionality, and are significantly affected by ambient temperature.

ITECTRON sensor principle

When a laser sensor operates, a laser diode emits laser pulses toward the target. After reflection from the target, the laser scatters in various directions. Part of the scattered light returns to the sensor receiver, where it is captured by the optical system and focused onto an avalanche photodiode. An avalanche photodiode is an optical sensor with internal amplification capabilities, enabling it to detect extremely weak optical signals and convert them into corresponding electrical signals. Laser rangefinders are common; they determine the target distance by recording and processing the time elapsed between the emission of the light pulse and its reception. Laser sensors must measure transmission time with extreme precision due to the high speed of light.

ITECTRON sensor applications

Oversize vehicle width and height detection: Laser sensors are used for rapid measurement. An PC industrial PC and the network kernel of visualization programming software VB facilitate real-time data transmission and processing with the sensors. User-friendly upper-computer control software was also designed. Field test data indicate that the system offers good real-time performance and high measurement accuracy, demonstrating practical value. Highway toll stations: Used at highway toll stations for vehicle counting and safety protection. Malaysia's Teras company has deployed hundreds of BEA laser sensors in its manual and automatic toll collection systems. These laser sensors employ the Time-of-Flight (TOF) measurement principle, forming 4 planes within the detection zone to monitor vehicles. The product also features anti-rear-end collision and vehicle safety protection functions. Compared to traditional light curtains, laser sensors offer advantages such as higher sensitivity, greater accuracy, easier installation, better cost-performance ratio, and stronger stability. Google's second-generation driverless car: Equipped with laser sensors, the prototype of Google's second-generation autonomous vehicle retains a prominent roof-mounted laser sensor, while other sensors are discreetly integrated. The front, rear, and sides of the vehicle display clear Google driverless car markings. The control and driving principle involves numerous sensors installed around the vehicle, continuously collecting precise data about the vehicle itself and its surroundings. An onboard processor analyzes and computes this data to control vehicle movement. The driverless car utilizes GPS equipment and sensors to accurately determine its position and forward speed, identifying pedestrians, vehicles, bicycles, traffic lights, and many other objects nearby. The Lexus vehicle features a 360° rotating laser holographic sensor on its roof, capable of simultaneously sensing conditions in front, to the sides, and behind the vehicle. Data collected by the sensor is transmitted via green data cables to a processor located at the rear right of the vehicle. This laser sensor also enables global precise positioning for the driverless car. The original L emblem on the front of the Lexus was removed and replaced with a radar sensor to measure forward distance and vehicle speed, allowing for assessment of traffic conditions ahead and controlled safe acceleration and deceleration. Position sensors are also mounted on the wheel hubs to detect wheel rotation, aiding in vehicle localization. The heart of the Google driverless car—the processor—is located at the rear right of the vehicle. Data from all sensors is transmitted here via data cables for software-based analysis and processing, enabling precise sensing and judgment of different objects near the driverless car. In addition to analyzing and judging the current positions of surrounding objects, the driverless car uses software to calculate and accurately predict the potential next positions of each object. Finally, the driverless car makes safe driving decisions based on all collected data, including controlling vehicle speed and maintaining safe distances from surrounding vehicles.

Weidou Intelligent Technology specializes in selling German ITECTRON sensors, ITECTRON proximity sensors, ITECTRON distance sensors, ITECTRON vision sensors, ITECTRON displacement sensors, ITECTRON load cells, ITECTRON speed sensors, ITECTRON photoelectric sensors, ITECTRON position sensors, ITECTRON angle sensors, ITECTRON tactile sensors, ITECTRON temperature sensors, ITECTRON pressure sensors, ITECTRON flow sensors, ITECTRON level sensors, ITECTRON motion sensors, and ITECTRON process sensors. All products are original imports from Germany. Customers are welcome to inquire and place orders.