German GMW ELEKTRONIC sensors, GMW ELEKTRONIC models, GMW ELEKTRONIC prices

GMW ELEKTRONIC sensors are measurement feedback devices that operate based on the optical principles of gratings. Grating scales are frequently used in the closed-loop servo systems of CNC machine tools for detecting linear or angular displacement. The measurement output signal is a digital pulse, characterized by a large detection range, high detection accuracy, and fast response speed. For example, in CNC machine tools, they are commonly used to detect the coordinates of tools and workpieces to observe and track tool path errors, thereby compensating for tool motion errors. Depending on the manufacturing method and optical principle, grating scales are divided into transmission gratings and reflection gratings.

GMW ELEKTRONIC sensor features

1) Since detection is performed in a non-contact manner, there is no wear or damage to the object being detected. 2) Since a contactless output method is used, service life is extended (except for magnetic types). Semiconductor outputs are used, which do not affect contact life. 3) Unlike optical detection methods, these sensors are suitable for use in environments with water and oil, as detection is hardly affected by stains, oil, or water on the object. Additionally, products with Teflon housings and good chemical resistance are available. 4) Compared to contact switches, high-speed response can be achieved. 5) Capable of operating across a wide temperature range. 6) Detection is based on changes in the physical properties of the object, independent of its color, so it is hardly affected by surface color. 7) Unlike contact types, these sensors are influenced by ambient temperature, surrounding objects, and other similar sensors, including inductive and capacitive types, leading to mutual interference between sensors. Therefore, mutual interference must be considered during sensor installation. Furthermore, for inductive types, the influence of surrounding metal must be considered, while for capacitive types, the influence of surrounding objects must be taken into account.

GMW ELEKTRONIC sensor selection principles

1) Sensitivity selection: Generally, within the linear range of the sensor, higher sensitivity is preferred. Only with high sensitivity is the output signal value corresponding to the measured change sufficiently large, facilitating signal processing. However, note that high sensor sensitivity also makes it easier for external noise unrelated to the measured variable to mix in and be amplified by the system, affecting measurement accuracy. Therefore, the sensor itself should have a high signal-to-noise ratio to minimize interference signals introduced from the outside. Sensor sensitivity is directional. If the measured variable is a single vector with high directional requirements, select a sensor with low sensitivity in other directions; if the measured variable is a multi-dimensional vector, the cross-sensitivity of the sensor should be as low as possible. 2) Frequency response characteristics: The frequency response characteristics of the sensor determine the frequency range of the measured variable, which must remain undistorted within the allowable frequency range. In practice, sensor response always has a certain delay, and shorter delay times are preferred. The higher the frequency response of the sensor, the wider the measurable signal frequency range. In dynamic measurements, response characteristics should be selected according to the signal characteristics (steady-state, transient, random, etc.) to avoid excessive errors. 3) Linear range: The linear range of a sensor refers to the range where output is proportional to input. Theoretically, within this range, sensitivity remains constant. The wider the linear range of the sensor, the larger its measuring range, and it can ensure a certain measurement accuracy. When selecting a sensor, once the type is determined, the first step is to check whether its measuring range meets the requirements. However, in reality, no sensor can guarantee absolute linearity, and its linearity is relative. When the required measurement accuracy is relatively low, a sensor with small non-linear error can be approximated as linear within a certain range, which brings great convenience to measurement. 4) Stability: The ability of a sensor to maintain its performance unchanged after a period of use is called stability. Factors affecting the long-term stability of a sensor, apart from the sensor's own structure, are mainly the usage environment. Therefore, to ensure good stability, the sensor must have strong environmental adaptability. Before selecting a sensor, its usage environment should be investigated, and a suitable sensor should be chosen based on the specific environment, or appropriate measures should be taken to reduce environmental impact. Sensor stability has quantitative indicators; after exceeding the service period, recalibration should be performed before use to determine if the sensor's performance has changed. In applications where the sensor must be used for a long time and cannot be easily replaced or calibrated, stricter stability requirements are imposed, and it must withstand long-term testing.5) Accuracy: Accuracy is an important performance indicator of a sensor and a key link related to the measurement accuracy of the entire measurement system. The higher the accuracy of the sensor, the more expensive it is. Therefore, the sensor's accuracy only needs to meet the accuracy requirements of the entire measurement system; it does not need to be excessively high. This allows for the selection of cheaper and simpler sensors among many that meet the same measurement purpose, such as Atlas air compressor parts. If the measurement purpose is qualitative analysis, a sensor with high repeatability accuracy is sufficient, and one with high absolute value accuracy is not suitable; if it is for quantitative analysis and precise measurement values are required, a sensor with an accuracy grade that meets the requirements must be selected. For certain special applications where a suitable sensor cannot be found, the sensor must be designed and manufactured independently. The performance of self-made sensors should meet the usage requirements.

GMW ELEKTRONIC sensor usage precautions

1) High-temperature environments can cause problems such as melting of coating materials, opening of solder joints, and structural changes in internal stresses within the elastic body. Sensors working in high-temperature environments often use high-temperature resistant sensors; additionally, insulation, water cooling, or air cooling devices must be added. 2) Dust and moisture can cause short circuits in sensors. In such environmental conditions, sensors with high sealing integrity should be selected. Different sensors have different sealing methods, and their sealing integrity varies significantly. Common sealing methods include filling or coating with sealant; mechanical fastening with rubber gaskets; welding (argon arc welding, plasma beam welding) and vacuum nitrogen-filled sealing. In terms of sealing effectiveness, welded sealing is the best, while filled/coated sealant is the worst. For sensors working in clean, dry indoor environments, coated sealant sensors can be chosen, while for sensors working in humid, high-dust environments, diaphragm heat-shrink sealing, diaphragm welding sealing, or vacuum nitrogen-filled sensors should be selected. 3) In highly corrosive environments, such as humidity and acidity, which can damage the elastic body or cause short circuits, sensors with plastic-sprayed surfaces or stainless steel housings, offering good corrosion resistance and sealing, should be selected. 4) Electromagnetic fields can cause chaotic output signals from sensors. In such cases, the shielding of the sensor should be strictly checked to ensure it has good electromagnetic immunity. 5) Flammable and explosive environments not only cause complete damage to sensors but also pose significant threats to other equipment and personal safety. Therefore, sensors working in flammable and explosive environments have higher requirements for explosion-proof performance: in such environments, explosion-proof sensors must be selected. The sealed housing of such sensors must consider not only sealing integrity but also explosion-proof strength, as well as the waterproof, moisture-proof, and explosion-proof properties of the cable lead-outs.

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