German GE SENSING sensors, GE SENSING models, GE SENSING prices

GE SENSING sensors, also known as torque sensors, torsion sensors, torque sensors, and torque meters, are divided into two main categories: dynamic and static. Dynamic torque sensors are also referred to as torque sensors, torque-speed sensors, non-contact torque sensors, and rotary torque sensors. Torque sensors detect the twisting moment on various rotating or non-rotating mechanical components. They convert the physical changes in torque into precise electrical signals. Torque sensors can be used in the manufacture of viscometers and electric (pneumatic, hydraulic) torque wrenches. They offer advantages such as high precision, fast frequency response, good reliability, and long service life.

GE SENSING sensor principles

Photoelectric sensors achieve control by converting changes in light intensity into changes in electrical signals. Generally, a photoelectric sensor consists of three parts: a transmitter, a receiver, and a detection circuit. The transmitter emits a light beam toward the target. This light beam usually originates from a semiconductor light source, such as a light-emitting diode (LED), laser diode, or infrared emitting diode. The beam is emitted continuously or with modulated pulse width. The receiver consists of photodiodes, phototransistors, or photocells. Optical components such as lenses and apertures are installed in front of the receiver. Behind it is the detection circuit, which filters out valid signals and processes them. In addition, structural components of photoelectric switches may include emitter plates and optical fibers.

GE SENSING sensor classification

1) Slot-type photoelectric sensors: A slot-type photoelectric sensor is formed by mounting a light emitter and a receiver facing each other on opposite sides of a slot. The emitter sends out infrared or visible light, which the receiver detects when unobstructed. When an object passes through the slot, the light is blocked, triggering the photoelectric switch to output a switching control signal that cuts off or connects the load current, thereby completing a control action. Due to structural constraints, the sensing distance of slot-type switches is typically only a few centimeters. 2) Through-beam photoelectric sensors: Separating the emitter and receiver increases the sensing distance. A through-beam photoelectric switch, also called a opposed-mode photoelectric switch, consists of one emitter and one receiver. The sensing distance of through-beam switches can reach several meters or even tens of meters. When using a through-beam switch, the emitter and receiver are installed on opposite sides of the object's path. When the object passes through and blocks the light path, the receiver triggers and outputs a switching control signal. 3) Retro-reflective photoelectric switches: The emitter and receiver are housed in the same unit, with a reflector plate installed in front. This setup uses the principle of reflection for photoelectric control and is called a retro-reflective (or mirror-reflective) photoelectric switch. Under normal conditions, the light emitted by the emitter is reflected back by the reflector plate and received by the receiver. Once an object blocks the light path and the receiver no longer detects light, the photoelectric switch triggers and outputs a switching control signal. 4) Diffuse-reflective photoelectric switches: The sensing head of a diffuse-reflective photoelectric switch also contains an emitter and a receiver, but there is no reflector plate in front. Under normal conditions, the receiver does not detect the light emitted by the emitter. During detection, when an object passes through, it blocks the light and reflects part of it back. The receiver then detects the light signal and outputs a switching signal.

GE SENSING sensor application cases

1) Application of photoelectric sensors in laser weapons: Because photoelectric sensors are highly sensitive to infrared radiation, visible light, or both, they are more likely to become targets of laser attacks. Furthermore, electronic systems and the sensors themselves are highly susceptible to interference from thermal noise and electromagnetic noise generated by lasers, which can prevent normal operation. On the battlefield, laser weapon attacks on photoelectric sensors mainly occur in the following ways: Using a laser beam of appropriate energy to "blind" the sensor, rendering it unable to detect or continue tracking already detected targets. Alternatively, if the sensor is guiding a weapon toward a target, blinding it will cause it to lose the target. In summary, because sensors play an increasingly important role on the battlefield and are vulnerable to laser attacks, they have become the primary targets of low-energy laser weapons. 2) Application of photoelectric sensors in automatic meter reading systems: With the development of microelectronics, sensor technology, computer technology, and modern communications, photoelectric sensors can be used to develop automatic meter reading systems. The aluminum disk of an electricity meter rotates under the torque generated by eddy currents and magnetic fields. Using a photoelectric sensor converts the number of rotations of the aluminum disk into pulse counts. For example, by partially blackening a section of the rotating shiny aluminum disk and pairing it with a reflective photoelectric emitter-receiver pair, pulses are generated at the blackened section as the disk rotates. The number of rotations is sampled and converted into corresponding pulse counts, which are then sent via an optocoupler isolation circuit to the T0 port of the CPU for counting processing. Using optocoupler isolators effectively prevents interference signals from entering the microcomputer. Combined with other transmission methods, this forms an automatic meter reading system. 3) Application of photoelectric sensors in monitoring smoke and dust pollution: A photoelectric sensor is a small electronic device that detects changes in received light intensity, achieving control functions by converting these light intensity changes into electrical signal changes. Due to characteristics such as non-contact operation, fast response, and reliable performance, photoelectric sensors are widely used in industrial automation equipment and robotics. We can utilize the properties of photoelectric sensors to detect smoke and dust conditions; thus, the strength of the output signal from the photoelectric sensor reflects changes in flue gas turbidity. 4) Hygienic washdown-resistant photoelectric sensors: Washdown-resistant sensors provide extremely high reliability and ease of use while minimizing operating costs. Equipped with IO-Link interfaces and the proTect+ sealing concept, which significantly extends service life, these two new sensors are suitable for demanding applications and are an ideal solution for the food and beverage industry.

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