German FONMAR SA sensors, FONMAR SA models, FONMAR SA prices

FONMAR SA sensors are used to measure the robot's own position. Position sensors can be divided into two types: contact sensors and proximity sensors. They are sensors that can sense the position of the measured object and convert it into a usable output signal. It is a sensor that can sense the position of the measured object and convert it into a usable output signal. Position sensors can be used to detect position and reflect switches in certain states. Unlike displacement sensors, position sensors come in contact and proximity types.

FONMAR SA sensor introduction

Sensors used in robots to mimic tactile functions. Tactile sense is an important sensory function when humans directly contact the external environment. Developing tactile sensors that meet requirements is one of the key technologies in robot development. With the development of microelectronics technology and the emergence of various organic materials, a variety of development schemes for tactile sensors have been proposed, but most are currently at the laboratory stage, with few reaching productization. Tactile sensors can be roughly divided by function into contact sensors, force-torque sensors, pressure sensors, and slip sensors.

FONMAR SA sensor classification

Slip sensors are used to judge and measure the slippage generated by objects when a robot grips or handles them. They are essentially a type of displacement sensor. They can be divided into three categories based on whether they have sliding direction detection functionality: non-directional, single-directional, and omni-directional. 1) Non-directional sensors include probe earphone types, which consist of sapphire probes, metal buffers, piezoelectric Rochelle salt crystals, and rubber buffers. Sliding causes the probe to vibrate, which is converted into corresponding electrical signals by the Rochelle salt. The buffer's role is to reduce noise. 2) Single-directional sensors include drum photoelectric types, where slippage of the gripped object causes the drum to rotate, leading to a photodiode receiving light signals transmitted through a code disk (mounted on the drum's circular face), measuring the object's slippage through the drum's rotation angle signal. 3) Omni-directional sensors use metal balls surfaced with insulating material and composed of latitudinal and longitudinal distributions of conductive and non-conductive areas. When the sensor contacts an object and generates slippage, the ball rotates, causing the conductive and non-conductive areas on the ball's surface to alternately contact electrodes, thereby generating on-off signals. By counting and judging these on-off signals, the magnitude and direction of slippage can be measured. This type of sensor requires higher manufacturing process standards.

FONMAR SA sensor applications

Contact sensors are used to judge whether a robot (mainly referring to limbs) has contacted an external object or to measure the characteristics of the contacted object. Contact sensors include types such as micro switches, conductive rubber, carbon-impregnated sponge, carbon fiber, and pneumatic reset devices. 1) Micro switch: Composed of a spring and a contact. After the contact touches an external object, it leaves the base plate, causing the signal path to disconnect, thereby detecting contact with the external object. The advantage of this normally closed (always connected when not in contact) micro switch is ease of use and simple structure; the disadvantage is susceptibility to mechanical oscillation and contact oxidation. 2) Conductive rubber type: Uses conductive rubber as the sensitive element. When the contact touches an external object and is pressed, it compresses the conductive rubber, changing its resistance, which in turn changes the current flowing through the conductive rubber. The disadvantage of this sensor is that due to differences in the material formulation of the conductive rubber, drift and hysteresis characteristics are inconsistent; the advantage is flexibility. 3) Carbon-impregnated sponge type: It has an elastic body made of sponge mounted on a substrate, with carbon-impregnated sponge arranged in an array within the sponge. After contacting an object under pressure, the resistance of the carbon-impregnated sponge decreases. Measuring the magnitude of the current flowing through the carbon-impregnated sponge determines the degree of pressure. This sensor can also be used as a pressure sensor. Advantages are simple structure, good elasticity, and ease of use. Disadvantages are that the uniformity of carbon distribution directly affects measurement results, and recovery ability after pressure is poor. 4) Carbon fiber type: Uses carbon fiber as the upper layer, a substrate as the lower layer, and urethane and metal electrodes installed in between. When contacting an external object, the carbon fiber is pressed against the electrode to conduct electricity. The advantage is good flexibility, allowing installation on curved surfaces of mechanical arms, but hysteresis is significant. 5) Pneumatic reset type: It has a flexible insulating surface that deforms under pressure, and uses compressed air as the resetting force when contact is broken. When contacting an external object, its internal elastic bubble (beryllium copper foil) contacts the lower touch point to conduct electricity. Advantages are good flexibility and high reliability, but a compressed air source is required.

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