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EUROBALT sensor is a sensor that measures the air flow drawn into the engine. For electronic control gasoline injection engines, in order to obtain the optimal concentration of air-fuel mixture under various operating conditions, it is necessary to accurately measure the amount of air drawn into the engine at every instant, using this as the main basis for the ECU to calculate (control) the fuel injection quantity. If the air flow sensor or wiring fails, the ECU will not receive the correct intake air signal, preventing normal control of fuel injection quantity, which will cause the mixture to be too rich or too lean, resulting in abnormal engine operation.

EUROBALT sensor structure

It consists of two parts: the scale grating and the grating readhead. The figure on the right shows the structure of the linear encoder scale. The key component of the grating detection device is the grating readhead, which comprises a light source, a condenser lens, an index grating, photoelectric elements, and an adjustment mechanism. There are many structural forms of grating readheads, classified according to their structural characteristics and application scenarios into direct-reception readheads (also known as silicon photovoltaic cell readheads, mirror-image readheads, beam-splitter readheads, and metal-grating reflective readheads).

EUROBALT sensor principle

The essence of a grating displacement sensor is to measure position using the grating pitch as a standard ruler. High-resolution grating scales are generally expensive and difficult to manufacture. To improve system resolution, Moiré fringes need to be subdivided; grating scale sensor systems mostly use electronic subdivision methods. When two gratings overlap with a slight angle, Moiré fringes are generated in a direction roughly perpendicular to the grating lines. As the grating moves, the Moiré fringes move up and down accordingly. This converts the measurement of grating pitch into the measurement of the number of Moiré fringes. Within one Moiré fringe width, placing 4 photoelectric devices at certain intervals can achieve electronic subdivision and direction judgment functions. For example, for a grating scale with 50 line pairs/mm, its grating pitch is 0.02mm. If four-fold subdivision is used, counting pulses with a resolution of 5μm can be obtained, which has reached a very high precision in general industrial measurement and control. Since displacement is a vector, both its magnitude and direction must be detected, so at least two photoelectric signals with different phases are required. To eliminate common-mode interference, DC components, and even harmonics, differential amplifiers composed of low-drift operational amplifiers are usually used. The 4 photoelectric signals obtained from 4 photosensitive devices are sent to the input terminals of 2 differential amplifiers respectively. The two signals output from the differential amplifier have a phase difference of π/2. To obtain direction judgment and counting pulses, these two signals need to be shaped, first into square waves with a duty cycle of 1:1. Then, by comparing the phase of the square waves, the movement direction of the grating scale can be determined. By counting the square wave pulses, the displacement and speed of the grating scale can be obtained.

EUROBALT sensor usage precautions

When plugging or unplugging the connector between the linear encoder sensor and the digital display unit, ensure the power is switched off. Install an external protective cover whenever possible, and promptly remove chips and oil splashed onto the scale to strictly prevent any foreign matter from entering the housing of the linear encoder sensor. Regularly check whether the mounting and connection screws are loose. To extend the service life of the dust-proof sealing strip, apply a thin, uniform layer of silicone oil to the strip, taking care not to splash it onto the glass grating ruling surface. To ensure reliable operation of the linear encoder sensor, periodically clean the linear encoder scale surface and the index grating surface with an ethanol mixture (50%) to keep the glass grating scale surface clean. The linear encoder sensor must not be subjected to severe vibration or impact, as this may damage the scale; if the scale fractures, the sensor will fail. Do not disassemble the linear encoder sensor yourself, and never arbitrarily change the relative gap between the main scale and the secondary scale. Doing so may compromise the accuracy of the sensor and cause relative friction between the main and secondary scales, damaging the chrome layer and thus the grating lines, resulting in scrapping of the scale. Take care to prevent oil and water from contaminating the scale surface, as this can disrupt the distribution of the grating lines and cause measurement errors. Avoid operating the linear encoder sensor in environments with severe corrosive effects, to prevent corrosion of the chrome layer and the scale surface, which would degrade the quality of the scale.

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