German BROECKSKES sensors, BROECKSKES models, BROECKSKES prices

BROECKSKES sensor: a sensor that measures the air flow drawn into the engine. In electronically controlled gasoline injection engines, to achieve the optimal mixture concentration under various operating conditions, it is essential to accurately measure the amount of air drawn into the engine at every instant, using this as the primary basis for the ECU to calculate (control) the fuel injection quantity. If the air flow sensor or its wiring fails, the ECU will not receive the correct intake air signal, preventing normal control of the fuel injection quantity, which will result in a mixture that is too rich or too lean, causing abnormal engine operation.

BROECKSKES sensor structure

It consists of two parts: the scale grating and the grating read head. The figure on the right shows the structure of the grating scale. The key part of the grating detection device is the grating read head, which comprises a light source, a condenser lens, an index grating, photoelectric elements, and an adjustment mechanism. There are many structural forms of grating read heads, classified according to their structural characteristics and application scenarios into direct-reception read heads (also known as silicon photovoltaic cell read heads), mirror-image read heads, beam-splitter read heads, and metal grating reflective read heads.

BROECKSKES sensor principle

The essence of a grating displacement sensor is to perform measurement by using the grating pitch as a standard ruler. High-resolution grating scales are generally expensive and difficult to manufacture. To improve system resolution, Moiré fringes need to be subdivided; grating scale sensor systems mostly employ electronic subdivision methods. When two gratings overlap with a slight inclination angle, Moiré fringes are generated in a direction roughly perpendicular to the grating lines. As the grating moves, the Moiré fringes also move up and down. This converts the measurement of the grating pitch into the measurement of the number of Moiré fringes. Within the width of one Moiré fringe, placing 4 photoelectric devices at specific intervals enables electronic subdivision and direction discrimination functions. For example, for a grating scale with 50 line pairs per mmmm, the grating pitch is 0.02mm; if four-fold subdivision is used, counting pulses with a resolution of 5μm can be obtained, which achieves very high precision in general industrial measurement and control. Since displacement is a vector, both its magnitude and direction must be detected; therefore, at least two photoelectric signals with different phases are required. To eliminate common-mode interference, DC components, and even harmonics, differential amplifiers composed of low-drift operational amplifiers are typically used. The 4 photoelectric signals obtained from 4 photosensitive devices are respectively sent to the input terminals of 2 differential amplifiers. The two signals output from the differential amplifier have a phase difference of π/2. To obtain direction discrimination and counting pulses, these two signals must first be shaped into square waves with a duty cycle of 1:1. Then, by comparing the phases of the square waves, the movement direction of the grating scale can be determined. By counting the square wave pulses, the displacement and velocity of the grating scale can be obtained.

Precautions for using BROECKSKES sensors

When plugging and unplugging the connector of the linear encoder sensor and the digital readout unit, ensure the power is switched off. Install an external protective cover whenever possible, and promptly remove chips and oil splashed onto the scale to strictly prevent any foreign matter from entering the housing of the linear encoder sensor. Regularly check whether the mounting and connection screws are loose. To extend the service life of the dust-proof sealing strip, apply a thin, even layer of silicone oil to the strip, taking care not to splash it onto the glass grating etched surface. To ensure reliable operation of the linear encoder sensor, periodically clean and wipe the linear encoder scale surface and the index grating surface with an ethanol mixture (each 50%), keeping the glass linear encoder scale surface clean. The linear encoder sensor must not be subjected to severe vibration or impact, as this may damage the linear encoder scale; if the scale fractures, the linear encoder sensor will fail. Do not disassemble the linear encoder sensor yourself, and never arbitrarily change the relative spacing between the main grating scale and the secondary grating scale. Doing so may compromise the accuracy of the linear encoder sensor and cause relative friction between the main and secondary grating scales, damaging the chrome layer and thus the grating lines, which renders the linear encoder scale unusable. Take care to prevent oil stains and water from contaminating the linear encoder scale surface, as this can disrupt the distribution of the grating lines and cause measurement errors. Avoid operating the linear encoder sensor in environments with severe corrosive effects, to prevent corrosion of the grating chrome layer and the linear encoder scale surface, which would degrade the quality of the linear encoder scale.

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