German BILLAT sensor BILLAT model BILLAT price

BILLAT sensors generally consist of 2 parts: the processing path and the processing elements. Their basic principle is based on the photoelectric effect, converting changes in the measured variable into changes in optical signals, which are then further converted into electrical signals via photoelectric components. The photoelectric effect refers to illuminating an object with light, which can be viewed as a stream of photons with specific energy bombarding the object. At this point, photon energy is transferred to electrons, with the entire energy of one photon being absorbed by a single electron at once. After receiving the energy from the photon, the state of the electron changes, thereby generating corresponding electrical effects in the illuminated object. The photoelectric effect is typically divided into 3 categories: (1) The phenomenon where electrons escape from the surface of an object under illumination is called the external photoelectric effect, such as in phototubes and photomultiplier tubes; (2) The phenomenon where the resistivity of an object changes under illumination is called the internal photoelectric effect, such as in photoresistors and phototransistors; (3) The phenomenon where an object generates an electromotive force in a specific direction under illumination is called the photovoltaic effect, such as in photocells.

BILLAT Sensor Introduction

Sensors used in robots to emulate tactile functions. Tactile sense is an important sensory function when humans directly interact with the external environment. Developing tactile sensors that meet requirements is one of the key technical challenges in robot development. With the advancement of microelectronics and the emergence of various organic materials, numerous development proposals for tactile sensors have been put forward. However, most are currently at the laboratory stage, with few reaching productization. Tactile sensors can be roughly classified by function into contact sensors, force-torque sensors, pressure sensors, and slip sensors.

BILLAT Sensor Classification

Slip sensors are used to detect and measure the slippage of objects when a robot grips or transports them. They are essentially displacement sensors. Based on whether they have sliding direction detection capability, they can be divided into three types: non-directional, single-directional, and omni-directional. 1) Non-directional sensors include the probe-earpiece type, which consists of a sapphire probe, a metal buffer, a piezoelectric Rochelle salt crystal, and a rubber buffer. Sliding causes the probe to vibrate, which is converted into corresponding electrical signals by the Rochelle salt. The buffer serves to reduce noise. 2) Single-directional sensors include the drum photoelectric type. Slippage of the gripped object causes the drum to rotate, leading a photodiode to receive light signals passing through a code disk (mounted on the circular face of the drum). Object slippage is measured via the rotation angle signal of the drum. 3) Omni-directional sensors use metal spheres coated with insulating material, forming a latitude-longitude distribution of conductive and non-conductive areas. When the sensor contacts an object and slides, the sphere rotates, causing the conductive and non-conductive areas on the sphere's surface to alternately contact electrodes, thereby generating on/off signals. By counting and judging these on/off signals, the magnitude and direction of slippage can be determined. This type of sensor requires high manufacturing precision.

BILLAT Sensor Applications

Tactile sensors are used to determine whether a robot (mainly referring to limbs) is in contact with external objects or to measure the characteristics of the contacted objects. Types of tactile sensors include micro switches, conductive rubber, carbon-impregnated sponge, carbon fiber, and pneumatic reset devices. 1) Micro switch: Composed of a spring and contacts. When the contacts touch an external object, they move away from the base, causing the signal path to disconnect, thereby detecting contact with the external object. The advantage of this normally closed (always connected when not in contact) micro switch is its ease of use and simple structure; the disadvantages are susceptibility to mechanical oscillation and contact oxidation. 2) Conductive rubber type: It uses conductive rubber as the sensing element. When the contacts touch an external object and are compressed, the conductive rubber is pressed, changing its resistance and thus altering the current flowing through it. The disadvantage of this sensor is that due to variations in the material formulation of the conductive rubber, drift and hysteresis characteristics are inconsistent; the advantage is its flexibility. 3) Carbon-impregnated sponge type: It features an elastic body made of sponge mounted on a substrate, with carbon-impregnated sponge arranged in an array within the sponge. When the contacted object is compressed, the resistance of the carbon-impregnated sponge decreases. Measuring the magnitude of the current flowing through the carbon-impregnated sponge determines the degree of compression. This sensor can also be used as a pressure sensor. Advantages include simple structure, good elasticity, and ease of use. Disadvantages are that the uniformity of carbon distribution directly affects measurement results, and recovery after compression is poor. 4) Carbon fiber type: Uses carbon fiber as the top layer, a substrate as the bottom layer, and urethane and metal electrodes installed in between. When contacting an external object, the carbon fiber is compressed and makes contact with the electrodes to conduct electricity. The advantage is good flexibility, allowing installation on curved surfaces of robotic arms, but hysteresis is significant. 5) Pneumatic reset type: It has a flexible insulating surface that deforms under pressure, using compressed air as the resetting force when contact is released. When in contact with an external object, the internal elastic dome (beryllium copper foil) contacts the lower contacts to conduct electricity. Advantages include good flexibility and high reliability, but a compressed air source is required.

Weidou Intelligent Technology specializes in selling German BILLAT sensors, BILLAT proximity sensors, BILLAT distance sensors, BILLAT vision sensors, BILLAT displacement sensors, BILLAT torque sensors, BILLAT speed sensors, BILLAT photoelectric sensors, BILLAT position sensors, BILLAT angle sensors, BILLAT tactile sensors, BILLAT temperature sensors, BILLAT pressure sensors, BILLAT flow sensors, BILLAT level sensors, BILLAT motion sensors, and BILLAT process sensors. All are original imports from Germany. Customers are welcome to inquire and order.