German ASTOR CEINTEX sensors, ASTOR CEINTEX models, ASTOR CEINTEX prices

ASTOR CEINTEX pressure sensors for liquid level measurement. Submersible static pressure level transmitters (level gauges) operate on the principle that the static pressure of the measured liquid is proportional to its height. They use advanced imported isolated diffused silicon sensitive elements or ceramic capacitive pressure sensitive sensors to convert static pressure into electrical signals. After temperature compensation and linear correction, these are converted into standard electrical signals (typically 4 to 20mA/15VDC).

ASTOR CEINTEX sensor classification

Lasers can be divided into 4 types based on the working medium. (1) Solid-state lasers: The working medium is solid. Common types include ruby lasers, neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet lasers (i.e., YAG lasers), and neodymium glass lasers. Their structures are similar, characterized by compactness, robustness, and high power. Neodymium glass lasers offer the highest pulsed output power, reaching tens of megawatts. (2) Gas lasers: The working medium is gas. Various types exist, including gas atomic, ion, metal vapor, and gas molecular lasers. Common examples are carbon dioxide lasers, helium-neon lasers, and carbon monoxide lasers. Shaped like ordinary discharge tubes, they feature stable output, good monochromaticity, and long service life, but have lower power and conversion efficiency. (3) Liquid lasers: These include chelate lasers, inorganic liquid lasers, and organic dye lasers, with organic dye lasers being the most important due to their continuously tunable wavelength. (4) Semiconductor lasers: A relatively newer type, with gallium arsenide lasers being the more mature variant. They feature high efficiency, small size, light weight, and simple structure, making them suitable for aircraft, warships, tanks, and portable infantry use. They can be made into rangefinders and sights. However, they have lower output power, poorer directionality, and are significantly affected by ambient temperature.

ASTOR CEINTEX sensor principles

When a laser sensor operates, a laser diode emits laser pulses toward the target. The laser scatters in all directions after reflecting off the target. Part of the scattered light returns to the sensor receiver, where it is imaged onto an avalanche photodiode by the optical system. An avalanche photodiode is an optical sensor with internal amplification, enabling it to detect extremely weak light signals and convert them into corresponding electrical signals. Common laser distance sensors measure the time elapsed from pulse emission to reception to determine the target distance. Laser sensors must measure transmission time with extreme precision due to the high speed of light.

ASTOR CEINTEX sensor applications

Oversize vehicle width and height detection: Laser sensors are used for rapid measurement. An industrial PC and the network kernel of the visualization programming software VB enable real-time data transmission and processing with the sensors. User-friendly host control software has also been designed. Field test data show that the system offers good real-time performance and high measurement accuracy, providing certain practical value. Highway toll stations: Used at highway toll stations for vehicle counting and safety protection. Malaysia's Teras company has already deployed hundreds of BEA laser sensors in its manual and automatic toll collection systems. The laser sensors use the Time-of-Flight (TOF) measurement principle to form 4 planes within the detection area for vehicle detection. The product also features anti-rear-end collision and vehicle safety protection functions. Compared with traditional light curtains, laser sensors offer advantages such as high sensitivity, high precision, easy installation, cost-effectiveness, and strong stability. Google's second-generation driverless car: Equipped with laser sensors. In Google's second-generation autonomous vehicle prototype, besides the still quite prominent laser sensor on the roof, other sensors are installed very discreetly. Obvious Google driverless car logos are affixed to the front, rear, and both sides of the vehicle. The control and driving principle of the Google driverless car relies on numerous sensors installed around the car to continuously collect precise data about the vehicle itself and its surroundings. The onboard processor analyzes and computes this data, then controls the vehicle's movement based on the results. The driverless car uses GPS devices and sensors to accurately determine the vehicle's position and forward speed, and to identify surrounding pedestrians, vehicles, bicycles, traffic lights, and many other objects. This Lexus vehicle features a 360° rotating laser holographic sensor on its roof, which can almost simultaneously sense conditions in front of, to the sides of, and behind the car. Data collected by the sensor is transmitted via green data cables to the processor located at the right rear of the vehicle. This laser sensor also enables global precise positioning for the driverless car. The original L type Lexus emblem on the front of the car has been removed and replaced with a radar sensor, which measures the distance ahead and vehicle speed to assess traffic conditions and control safe acceleration and deceleration. Position sensors are also installed on the tire hubs to detect wheel rotation, aiding in vehicle positioning. The heart of the Google driverless car—the processor—is located at the right rear of the vehicle. Data from all sensors is transmitted here via data cables for software-based analysis and processing, enabling precise sensing and judgment of different objects near the driverless car. In addition to analyzing and judging the current positions of objects around the driverless car, the software must calculate and accurately predict the possible next position of each object. Finally, the driverless car makes safe driving decisions based on all collected data, including controlling vehicle speed and maintaining distance from surrounding vehicles.

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