Germany A.K industries sensors, A.K industries models, A.K industries prices

A.K industries sensors are used to measure the robot's own position. Position sensors can be divided into two types: contact sensors and proximity sensors. These sensors detect the position of the measured object and convert it into a usable output signal. Position sensors can be used to detect position and reflect switches in certain states. Unlike displacement sensors, position sensors come in contact and proximity types.

A.K industries sensor classification

1) Contact sensors: The contacts of contact sensors act when two objects come into contact and press against each other. Common types include limit switches and two-dimensional matrix position sensors. Limit switches have a simple structure, reliable operation, and low cost. When an object moves and touches a limit switch, its internal contacts activate to complete control. For example, if limit switches are installed at both ends of the X, Y, and Z axes of a machining center, the movement range can be controlled. Two-dimensional matrix position sensors are installed inside mechanical palms to detect the contact position with an object. 2) Proximity sensors: A proximity switch is a switch that emits an "action" signal when an object approaches within a set distance, without requiring direct contact. There are many types of proximity switches, mainly electromagnetic, photoelectric, differential transformer, eddy current, capacitive, reed switch, and Hall effect types. The main applications of proximity switches on CNC machine tools include tool selection control for the tool holder, worktable travel control, and piston stroke control for oil and air cylinders.

A.K industries sensor working principle

Crankshaft position sensors are usually installed at the front end of the crankshaft (at the pulley), at the rear end near the large flywheel, or in the middle of the crankshaft. Early vehicle models also had them installed inside the distributor. They are one of the most important sensors in the control system. Their functions include detecting engine speed, hence they are also called speed sensors; and detecting the top dead center (TDC) position of the piston, hence they are also called TDC sensors. This includes detecting TDC signals for each cylinder to control ignition, and the TDC signal for the first cylinder to control sequential fuel injection.

A.K industries sensor industry applications

1) Brushless DC Motor: The position sensor is one of the three main components of a brushless DC motor system and is the primary feature distinguishing it from brushed DC motors. Its function is to detect the position of the main rotor during motion, convert the position signal of the rotor magnet poles into electrical signals, and provide correct commutation information to the logic switching circuit. This controls their conduction and cutoff, causing the current in the motor armature windings to commutate sequentially according to changes in rotor position, forming a stepwise rotating magnetic field in the air gap that drives the permanent magnet rotor to rotate continuously. Brushless DC motors require position sensors to measure rotor position; the motor controller uses these signals to synchronize inverter commutation with the rotor, ensuring continuous motor operation. Although brushless DC motors can detect rotor position via back electromotive force (back-EMF) generated in the stator windings, thereby eliminating the need for position sensors, the rotational speed at startup is too low, resulting in back-EMF signals that are too weak to detect. Hall effect sensor chips used as position sensors for brushless DC motors are classified into switching and latching types. For electric bicycle motors, both types of Hall effect sensor chips can be used to precisely measure the position of the rotor magnets. There is no difference in performance—including output power, efficiency, and torque—between brushless DC motors made with these two types of Hall effect sensor chips, and they are compatible with the same motor controllers. The application of position sensors reduces motor operating noise, improves motor life and performance, and achieves energy savings. The use of position sensors has undoubtedly provided strong impetus for the development of the motor market. 2) Crankshaft and Camshaft: The function of the position sensor is to collect crankshaft rotation angle and engine speed signals and input them to the Electronic Control Unit (ECu) to determine ignition timing and fuel injection timing. To distinguish it from the Crankshaft Position Sensor (CPS), the Camshaft Position Sensor is generally denoted as CIS. The function of the camshaft position sensor is to collect the position signal of the valve train camshaft and input it to the ECU, enabling the ECU to identify the compression top dead center of cylinder 1, thereby performing sequential fuel injection control, ignition timing control, and knock control. Additionally, the camshaft position signal is used to identify the first ignition timing during engine start-up. Because the camshaft position sensor can identify which cylinder's piston is approaching top dead center, it is also referred to as a cylinder identification sensor.

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