German ZUMBACH ELECTRONIC sensors, ZUMBACH ELECTRONIC models, ZUMBACH ELECTRONIC prices

ZUMBACH ELECTRONIC sensors are devices that convert magnetic signals into electrical signals. By utilizing the transformation relationship between magnetic quantities and other physical quantities, with the magnetic field as a medium, they can also convert signals of other non-electrical physical quantities into electrical signals. There are two driving methods: one is driven by a permanent magnet, and the other is driven by an electromagnetic coil. The former is mostly used for detection; for example, if a moving part is made of a magnet, it will attract and emit a signal once it approaches the magnetic induction sensor. The latter is mostly used for control; if the electromagnetic coil is energized, the contacts will attract. Replacing limit switches that rely on collision contact with magnetic induction sensors can improve system reliability and service life; therefore, they are often used in programmable logic controllers as signaling devices for position arrival.

ZUMBACH ELECTRONIC sensor classification

Lasers can be divided into 4 types based on the working medium. (1) Solid-state lasers: Their working medium is solid. Common examples include ruby lasers, neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet lasers (i.e., YAG lasers), and neodymium glass lasers. Their structures are roughly similar, characterized by being small, robust, and high-power. Neodymium glass lasers are the devices with the highest pulsed output power, reaching tens of megawatts. (2) Gas lasers: Their working medium is gas. There are now various gas atomic, ion, metal vapor, and gas molecule lasers. Common examples include carbon dioxide lasers, helium-neon lasers, and carbon monoxide lasers. Their shape is like ordinary discharge tubes, characterized by stable output, good monochromaticity, and long life, but lower power and lower conversion efficiency. (3) Liquid lasers: These can be further divided into chelate lasers, inorganic liquid lasers, and organic dye lasers, among which organic dye lasers are the most important. Their greatest feature is that the wavelength is continuously tunable. (4) Semiconductor lasers: This is a relatively young type of laser, with gallium arsenide lasers being the more mature ones. They are characterized by high efficiency, small size, light weight, and simple structure, making them suitable for carrying on aircraft, warships, tanks, and by infantry. They can be made into rangefinders and sights. However, they have lower output power, poorer directionality, and are significantly affected by ambient temperature.

ZUMBACH ELECTRONIC sensor principle

When a laser sensor operates, the laser emitting diode first emits laser pulses toward the target. After reflection from the target, the laser scatters in all directions. Part of the scattered light returns to the sensor receiver, is received by the optical system, and is imaged onto an avalanche photodiode. An avalanche photodiode is an optical sensor with internal amplification functionality, so it can detect extremely weak light signals and convert them into corresponding electrical signals. Commonly seen are laser distance sensors, which determine the target distance by recording and processing the time elapsed from the emission of the light pulse to its return and reception. Laser sensors must measure the transmission time extremely precisely because the speed of light is very fast.

ZUMBACH ELECTRONIC sensor applications

Over-limit detection of vehicle width and height: Laser sensors are used for rapid measurement. The network kernel of the PC industrial PC and visualization programming software VB is utilized for real-time data transmission and processing with the sensors. User-friendly upper computer control software has also been designed. Field test data shows that the system has good real-time performance, high measurement accuracy, and certain practical value. Highway toll stations: Used at highway toll stations for vehicle counting and safety protection. Malaysia's Teras company has already applied hundreds of sets of BEA laser sensors in its manual and automatic toll station systems. The laser sensors adopt the Time of Flight (TOF) measurement principle, forming 4 planes within the detection area to detect vehicles. Meanwhile, the product also features functions such as anti-rear-end collision and vehicle safety protection. Compared with traditional light curtains, laser sensors have advantages such as high sensitivity, high precision, convenient installation, high cost-performance ratio, and strong stability. Google's second-generation unmanned vehicle: Equipped with laser sensors. In Google's second-generation autonomous driving prototype vehicle, besides the laser sensor on the top which remains quite obvious, other sensors are set up very discreetly. Obvious Google unmanned vehicle logos are posted on the front, rear, and both sides of the vehicle. The control and driving principle of the Google unmanned vehicle involves numerous sensors installed around the car continuously collecting precise data about the vehicle itself and its surroundings. The onboard processor analyzes and calculates this data, and then controls the vehicle's movement based on the calculation results. The unmanned vehicle uses GPS equipment and sensors to accurately locate the vehicle's position and forward speed, and to identify surrounding pedestrians, vehicles, bicycles, traffic lights, and many other objects. On the roof of this Lexus, there is a 360° rotating laser holographic sensor, which can almost simultaneously sense the conditions in front of, to the side of, and behind the vehicle. The data collected by the sensor is input via green data cables into the processor located on the right rear side of the vehicle. This laser sensor also allows the unmanned vehicle to achieve global precise positioning. The original L shaped Lexus emblem on the front of the car was removed and replaced with a radar sensor, used to measure the distance ahead and vehicle speed, in order to judge the traffic conditions ahead and control safe acceleration and deceleration of the vehicle. Position sensors are also installed on the tire hubs to detect wheel rotation, helping the vehicle with positioning. The heart of the Google unmanned vehicle—the processor—is located on the right rear side of the vehicle. Data information from various sensors is transmitted here via data wires, where it is analyzed and processed by software for precise sensing and judgment of different objects near the unmanned vehicle. In addition to analyzing and judging the current positions of objects around the unmanned vehicle, the unmanned vehicle also needs to calculate through software to accurately predict the possible next position of each object. Finally, the unmanned vehicle makes safe driving decisions based on all collected data, including controlling vehicle speed and distance from surrounding vehicles.

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