German calpeda pump calpeda model calpeda price

calpeda pump is an important device in hydraulic systems. It relies on the reciprocating motion of the plunger in the cylinder block to change the volume of the sealed working chamber, thereby achieving oil suction and pressure discharge. Plunger pumps have advantages such as high rated pressure, compact structure, high efficiency, and convenient flow regulation. Plunger pumps are widely used in applications requiring high pressure, large flow, and flow regulation, such as hydraulic presses, construction machinery, and ships.

calpeda pump mechanical principle

The total stroke L of the reciprocating motion of the plunger in a plunger pump is constant and determined by the cam lift. The fuel delivery volume per cycle depends on the delivery stroke, which is variable and not controlled by the camshaft. The start of fuel delivery does not change with variations in the delivery stroke. Rotating the plunger changes the end of fuel delivery, thereby altering the fuel delivery volume. During operation of the plunger pump, the cam on the injection pump camshaft and the plunger spring force the plunger to perform reciprocating up-and-down motion, thus completing the pumping task. The pumping process can be divided into the following two stages: 1) Fuel intake process: After the lobe of the cam rotates past, the plunger moves downward under the force of the spring, creating a vacuum in the upper space of the plunger (called the pumping chamber). When the upper end face of the plunger opens the inlet port on the plunger sleeve, diesel fuel filling the oil passage in the upper body of the fuel pump enters the pumping chamber through the port. The intake process ends when the plunger reaches bottom dead center. 2) Spill-back process: The plunger moves upward to deliver fuel. When the helical groove (cut-off edge) on the plunger aligns with the spill-back port on the sleeve, the low-pressure oil circuit in the pumping chamber communicates with the central hole, radial holes, and helical groove at the plunger head. Oil pressure drops suddenly, and the delivery valve closes rapidly under spring force, stopping fuel delivery. The plunger continues to move upward; after the cam lobe rotates past, the plunger moves downward again under the action of the spring. This begins the next cycle. The plunger pump is described here using a single plunger as an example. A plunger pump has two check valves with opposite orientations. When the plunger moves in one direction, negative pressure occurs in the cylinder, opening one check valve and drawing liquid into the cylinder. When the plunger moves in the other direction, the liquid is compressed, opening the other check valve and discharging the liquid drawn into the cylinder. This operating mode results in continuous fuel delivery during continuous motion.

calpeda pump classification

Plunger pumps are generally classified into single plunger pumps, horizontal plunger pumps, axial plunger pumps, and radial plunger pumps. 1) Single plunger pump: The main structural components are an eccentric wheel, plunger, spring, cylinder block, and two check valves. A sealed volume is formed between the plunger and the cylinder bore. One rotation of the eccentric wheel causes the plunger to reciprocate once, moving down to suck oil and up to discharge oil. The volume of oil discharged per revolution of the pump is called the displacement, which depends only on the structural parameters of the pump. 2) Horizontal plunger pump: Horizontal plunger pumps consist of several plungers (generally 3 or 6) installed in parallel. A 1 crankshaft drives the plungers to reciprocate via connecting rod sliders or directly via an eccentric shaft, achieving a hydraulic pump for suction and discharge of liquids. They all use valve-type distribution devices and are mostly fixed-displacement pumps. Emulsion pumps in coal mine hydraulic support systems are generally horizontal plunger pumps. Emulsion pumps are used at coal mining faces to provide emulsion for hydraulic supports. Their working principle relies on the rotation of the crankshaft to drive the Piston to reciprocate, achieving liquid suction and discharge. 3) Axial type: Axial Piston pump (English name: Piston pump) are plunger pumps where the reciprocating motion direction of the piston or plunger is parallel to the central axis of the cylinder block. Axial plunger pumps operate by utilizing the volume change produced by the reciprocating motion of plungers parallel to the drive shaft within the plunger bores. Since both the plunger and the plunger bore are circular parts, they can achieve very high precision fit, resulting in high volumetric efficiency. 4) Straight-axis swashplate type: Straight-axis swashplate plunger pumps are divided into pressure-supply type and self-priming type. Pressure-supply type hydraulic pumps mostly use pressurized oil tanks. For hydraulic tanks relying on air pressure for oil supply, the machine must only be operated after the hydraulic tank reaches the required operating air pressure following each startup. If the machine is started when the air pressure in the hydraulic tank is insufficient, it will cause the slipper shoes inside the hydraulic pump to pull off, leading to abnormal wear between the return plate and the pressure plate inside the pump body. 5) Radial type: Radial plunger pumps can be divided into two categories: valve distribution and shaft distribution. Valve-distribution radial plunger pumps have disadvantages such as high failure rates and low efficiency. Shaft-distribution radial plunger pumps developed internationally in the 70s and 80s overcame the shortcomings of valve-distribution radial plunger pumps. Due to the structural characteristics of radial pumps, shaft-distribution radial plunger pumps are more impact-resistant, have longer service life, and higher control precision than axial plunger pumps. For pumps with short variable strokes, variable displacement is achieved by changing the eccentricity of the stator under the action of the variable plunger and limit plunger. The maximum eccentricity of the stator is 5—9mm (depending on the displacement size), and the variable stroke is very short. Moreover, the variable mechanism is designed for high-pressure operation and controlled by a control valve, resulting in fast response speed. The radial structural design overcomes problems such as uneven wear of slipper shoes in axial plunger pumps, significantly improving their impact resistance. 6) Hydraulic type: Hydraulic plunger pumps rely on pressurized oil tanks for oil supply. After each machine startup, operation must wait until the hydraulic tank reaches the required operating air pressure. Straight-axis swashplate plunger pumps are divided into pressure-supply type and self-priming type. Pressure-supply type hydraulic pumps mostly use pressurized tanks, while some hydraulic pumps have a built-in charge pump to provide pressure oil to the inlet of the hydraulic pump. Self-priming hydraulic pumps have strong self-priming capabilities and do not require external oil supply.

calpeda pump mechanical maintenance

For plunger pumps using a charge pump for oil supply, after 3000h of use, operators must inspect the plunger pump 1-2 times daily to check if the hydraulic pump operating sound is normal. If a decrease in hydraulic cylinder speed or stalling is observed, the charge pump should be disassembled for inspection to check for scoring on the impeller edges and whether the internal gear pump clearance is excessive. For self-priming plunger pumps, the oil level in the hydraulic tank must not fall below the lower limit of the oil gauge; sufficient hydraulic oil must be maintained. The higher the cleanliness of the hydraulic oil, the longer the service life of the hydraulic pump. The most important component of a plunger pump is the bearing. If bearing clearance occurs, the normal clearance of the three pairs of friction pairs inside the hydraulic pump cannot be guaranteed, and the thickness of the static hydrostatic support oil film of each friction pair will be damaged, reducing the service life of the plunger pump bearings. According to data provided by hydraulic pump manufacturers, the average service life of bearings is 10000h; beyond this value, new ones need to be replaced. Removed bearings cannot be tested for clearance without professional detection instruments; only visual inspection is possible. If scratches or discoloration are found on the roller surface, they must be replaced. When replacing bearings, note the original bearing's English letters and model number. Plunger pump bearings mostly use high-load capacity bearings. Purchase products from the original manufacturer with original specifications. If switching to another brand, consult experienced personnel to check tables for equivalents, aiming to maintain the bearing's precision grade and load capacity. The service life of a plunger pump is related to routine maintenance, the quantity and quality of hydraulic oil, and oil cleanliness. Avoiding wear on the plunger pump's friction pairs by particles in the oil is also an effective way to extend the plunger pump's life. During maintenance, try to use original factory-produced parts for replacement. These parts may sometimes be more expensive than other counterfeit parts, but their quality and stability are better. Buying cheap counterfeit parts may seem to save costs in the short term, but it brings hidden dangers and may cause greater harm to the use of the plunger pump. Distribution plates come in two forms: flat distribution and spherical distribution. For spherical distribution friction pairs, if the scratches on the cylinder block distribution surface are relatively shallow, they can be repaired by grinding. If the grooves on the cylinder block distribution surface are deep, 'surface engineering technology' should first be used to fill the grooves before grinding. Blind grinding should be avoided to prevent the copper layer from becoming too thin or exposing the steel base, leading to oil leakage. Plunger pumps can also use frequency converters to save energy. Engineers from Shanghai Zhengyi pointed out that in actual production processes, plunger pumps usually regulate their working state by pressure or flow. When the actual pressure exceeds the required pressure, it is regulated by a relief valve to keep the working pressure stable, allowing the relief valve to release the excess. The motor always runs at full speed with repeated actions, and power consumption remains unchanged. When using overflow to regulate pressure and flow, some surplus flows back to the original system, causing useless power in the plunger pump and low work efficiency. If a Chuangjie energy-saving frequency converter is used, the relief valve can be set to close, and the energy-saving frequency converter automatically adjusts the working pressure, maintains stable working pressure, and automatically tracks the equipment pressure. This achieves automated control, thereby saving energy consumption. The greatest advantage of this regulation method is that it can reduce the operating energy consumption of the plunger pump, with power saving effects reaching 30% or more.

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